英语语法系列之特殊句式

分为全部倒装(即将整个谓语部分提到主语之前)和部分倒装(即将助动词,情态动词,be动词提到主语之前)
一、全部倒装
1.当句首为副词here、there、now、then、out、in.up、down、of、away等,且主语为名词时,应用完全倒装。
Awayflewthebird.鸟飞走了。2.当表示地点的介词短语位于句首,且主语是名词时,用完全倒装。
Underthedeskaresomebooks.Nearthewindowsatasadmother.3.therebe句型属于全部倒装句.be动词应与后面的主语保持一致,除be动词外,能与there连用的动词还有live.stand.lie,come,scem,exist,remain等.
Thereexistsanancienttempleinthistown.这个镇上有一个古老的寺庙。二、部分倒装
1.否定词以及含有否定词的短语位于句首时,部分倒装。
NeverhaveIhcardanyhinglikeit.我从未听到过这样的事。NotonlyamIinterestedinEnglish,butLdevoteallmysparetimetolearmingit.Notuntilhismothercamebackdidhegotobed.【温馨提示】
Nosooner+haddone+than+..(一般过去时】Hardly+haddond+...+when+.(一般过去时一..….就.…HardlyhadshearrivedinLondonwhenshephonedherparents.Nosoonerhadshesteppedoutofhousethanitbegantdrain.2.“only+状语(副词/介词短语/状语从句)”置于句首时,部分倒装,
Onlywhenyoumakefulluseofyourtimecanyoumakegreatprogress.OnlythendidIrealizetheimportanceoflearningEnglish.3.以“so/such..that...“开头的句子,部分倒装。
Sopreciousistimethatwecan'taffordtowasteit.SofastdoesherunthatIcan'tcatchupwithhim.4.so、neither/nor开头的的装句,表示与前面提到的情况一样或后者也如此,肯定句中用so;否定句中用neither/nor.
Janewasnthappyabouttheresult,andneither/norwasLucy.HesparesnoefforttolearnEnglish,andsodol.【温馨提示】
当表示强调这个人确实如此时,不用于倒装。如:Helooksyoung,Sohedoes.(确实如此)5.as引导的状语从句倒装,其结构为“形容词/副词/名词/动词原形+as+主语+谓语”
Oldastheyare,theysticktoworking.Tryashemight,hecouldn'topenthedoor.Hardasheworked,hecouldn'tearnenougheventosupporthimself.Childasheis,heknowsalotofEnglish.(名词置于句首,零冠词)6.虚拟条件从句的倒装:在if引导的虚拟条件句中,如省去if,就要将were、had或should移至句首,构成倒装。
WereIyou,Iwouldtakeheradvice.Hadlyoufollowedmyadvice,youwouldhavemadegreatprogess.★省略:1.在时间、地点、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中,如果谓语部分有动词be,主语又的主句主语一致,常把从句中的主语和动词be省略。
while(youare)cycling,don'tforgetthetrafficlights.Theworkerscarriedouttheorderas(theywere)told.2.在时间、地点、条件状语从句中常省略itis.常见的有wheneverpossible.
ifnecessar/possible、ifso(如果是),ifnot(如果不是).ifany(如果有).ifever(如果曾经)
Ifpossible,IwillgotoAmericathissummer★强调:1、强调句型的陈述句形式:Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分…被强调部分为“人”时可用who/that,被强调部分是“事物时用that,强调除了谓语之外的句子成分。
ItisIwho/thatamright.(强调主语用主格)Itwashimthat/whowemetattheschoolgate.(强调宾语用宾格)ItwasintheparkthatTomlosthiswatch.(强调状语)Itisnotwhoisrightbutwhatisrightthatisofimportance.2.强调句型的一般疑问句形式:
ls/Wasit+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分。
IsitProfessorWangwhoteachesyouEnglish?p>3.强识句型的特殊疑问句形式:特殊疑问词+is/wasitthat+其他成分,
Whowasitthatbrokethewindow?henwasitthatyoucalledmeyesterday?hatisitthatyouwantmetodo?p>4.not...until...结构的强调句型其强调句式为;Itis/wasnotuntil+被强调部分+that+其他成分,
Hedidn'tgotobeduntilteno'clock.Itwasnotuntilteno'clockthathewenttobed.Ididn'trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.ltwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.5.用助动词do/does/did强调谓语动词。
Ifyouhaveajob,dodevoteyoursolftoitandfinllyyou'llsuccccd.Hedidwritetoyoulastweek.上周他的确给你写信了.Tomdoesstudyhardnow.现在汤姆的确学习很努力。