英语学习必备习惯将问与答进行到底
英语学习必备习惯将问与答进行到底本文简介:英语学习必备习惯将问与答进行到底练口语的时候,常去英语角,而在那里,除了用到前面所提到的一些技巧(包括引用电影台词和复述改述相关材料)之外,最常规的聊天方式就是问与答(以下称Q&A),而今天要介绍的就是如何利用这样的方法和原则来最大程度的提升口语练习机会。原则一:准备一些问题有的放矢的去英语角,这点
英语学习必备习惯将问与答进行到底本文内容:
英语学习必备习惯
将问与答进行到底
练口语的时候,常去英语角,而在那里,除了用到前面所提到的一些技巧(包括引用电影台词和复述改述相关材料)之外,最常规的聊天方式就是问与答(以下称Q&A),而今天要介绍的就是如何利用这样的方法和原则来最大程度的提升口语练习机会。
原则一:准备一些问题
有的放矢的去英语角,这点已经毋庸置疑了,除了准备一些材料之外,还要懂得准备问题,因为毕竟不是所有人都对我们准备的材料感兴趣,或者从另一个角度说,如果通过提问将话题引到我们准备的材料上,给人感觉非常自然,即使他不是很感兴趣,也会在早期比较配合我们的对话,也就给了我们锻炼的机会。否则的话,就会出现以下的情况:
A:
Hi,nice
to
meet
you.
B:
Nice
to
see
you
too.
A:
What
shall
we
talk
about?
B:
I
don’t
know.
It’s
up
to
you.
A:
I
can
talk
about
everything.
B:
Me
too.
A:
So
what
shall
we
talk
about?
B:
Whatever
you
like.
So
what
do
you
like
to
talk
about?
A:…
两人无言,只有泪千行。但是如果我们有所准备或者考虑,情况可能就完全不一样。比如,我们所熟悉的材料是关于广告的,那么要设计一些广告方面的问题,一般三个就足够了,具体的对话可以是这样的:、
A:
Hi,nice
to
meet
you.
B:
Nice
to
see
you
too.
A:
What
shall
we
talk
about?
B:
Well,I
would
like
to
ask
you
a
few
questions
if
I
may.
A:
Sure,go
ahead.
B:
Have
you
ever
been
annoyed
by
those
commercials
between
TV
series
when
you
are
desperate
to
know
about
what’s
going
on
next?
A:
Yes.
It
spoils
the
whole
evening
sometimes.
B:
Have
you
ever
been
bothered
by
those
junk
commercial
messages
during
midnight
when
you
are
just
about
to
have
a
sweet
dream?
A:
Well,yes.
B:
Have
you
ever
been
confused
by
those
booming
advertisements
or
commercials
so
that
you
can
hardly
decide
which
one
to
follow
and
which
product
to
buy?
A:
I
agree.
B:
Then
it
is
high
time
that
we
should
prohibit
commercials
during
golden
hours….
(然后加入自己所准备的话题和内容)
原则二:给出多句话的回答
这个原则主要是针对那些回答问题惯用一两句话或者一两个字的人,但凡这样的情况出现,这个Q&A的过程就会变成一个审问的过程。使得提问人和答问人都会显得非常郁闷。比如:
A:
What’s
you
name?
B:
York.
A:
How
old
are
you?
B:
27.
A:
Where
do
you
come
from?
B:
Chengdu
A:
Do
you
like
the
English
Corner
here?
B:
No.
A:
Why?
B:
Because
I
see
you.
这种乒乓球式的一来一回,最后都不会有什么好的结果。练习口语是我们的目的,所以一定要利用别人提问的机会多说一些,这样才会对所说的话题更加熟悉,同时还可以兼顾到语音语调以及词汇句型的升级,也让听者觉得你是有表达欲望和交流欲望的。比如:
A:
What’s
your
name?
B:
Feel
free
to
call
me
York.
This
is
a
name
easy
to
remember
as
it
never
fails
to
remind
people
of
the
names
of
a
state
and
a
city
in
the
United
States—the
New
York
State
and
the
New
York
City.
Actually
it
was
given
by
my
first
English
teacher
in
middle
school
and
it
is
my
personal
favorite
English
name
and
I
have
used
it
since
then.
后面的任何问题都可以如法炮制,只要回答者能够用多句话来回答问题,交流的感觉会变得更加好。平时要有意识的训练自己用5句话回答任何问题,这样的话就可以在面对任何问题的时候都不会没有话说(当然,这个训练的目的是为了大家抓住锻炼口语多说,不意味着任何问题从实质上讲都需要说5句话,5是个虚数也是个实数),包括那些你不知道答案的问题,比如:
A:
Do
you
know
how
many
stars
are
there
in
the
sky?
(口头逼到可以不太讲究语序)
B:
This
is
a
question
too
complicated
for
me
to
answer.
As
far
as
I
know,the
number
of
stars
is
uncertain
since
science
and
technology
are
developing
everyday
and
we
can
not
be
so
sure
about
the
number
of
stars
we
have
discovered,not
to
mention
those
unknown
to
us.
The
fact
of
matter
is
we
need
to
see
beyond
those
numbers,which
means
what
those
number
means
to
us
matters
much
more
than
the
number
itself.
That
is
basically
how
I
look
at
this
question.
相信大家可以看出来了,即使不能对问题的答案有一个确定的答复,也可以就提问者的动机或者问题答案对我们的意义着手进行进一步的陈述,最关键的是把自己的观点说出来,这样不论是英语口头表达和个人的自信心,都会得到相应的提高。
原则三:有铺垫的提问
大家都知道在英语角要做一个多说多练的人,但是如果遇到一个人喜欢主导谈话,不给别人机会发表观点,我们的策略师有机会的时候利用机会,没有机会的时候创造机会然后再利用机会。一般喜欢占据主导的说话者通常也会喜欢被别人提问,这样很有当明星的感觉,每次去英语角和开记者招待会一样,虚荣心可以得到极大的满足。最关键的是每次提问的人只会怯生生地说出一句话,而回答的人可以说出长篇大论的东西,所以最后的结果就是提问者练听力,说话者练口语。遇到这样的情况,突破口就在提问的环节,只要我们提问的时候用N句话,这样就很容易锻炼到我们自己的表达。同时,如果有铺垫的提问也会给回答者一些时间思考答案,他本能不会排斥,毕竟贸然打断提问是一种特别不礼貌的举动。具体的操作方法是首先说出问题的范围,让他有心理准备,然后再呈现出自己对这个问题感兴趣的原因,让他明白提问者的动机,再慢慢的提出这个问题。最起码一个问题也可以用五句话来提,比如how
old
are
you?一个简单问年龄的问题,也可以有很多形式的铺垫,比如
I
would
like
to
ask
a
question
about
your
age
if
I
may.
(当然,如果对方直接说no,you
may
not
或者
sorry,it
is
not
a
polite
question
to
ask.
那可以作罢,换下一个问题。)然后接着说出自己对这个问题感兴趣的原因,I
don’t
mean
to
intrude
in
your
privacy
but
as
is
indicated
in
lots
of
cases,people
at
different
age
tend
to
speak
and
behave
in
different
ways
even
though
their
personality
and
value
system
have
not
changed
much.
That
is
to
say,it
is
generally
possible
to
tell
how
old
the
person
is
or
how
he
looks
at
some
question
or
topic
by
studying
his
speaking
and
behaviors.
I
happened
to
notice
that
you
do
have
a
special
perspective
upon
the
issue
or
topic
we
just
talked
about
and
it
is
kind
of
rare
for
people
at
your
age
to
think
in
this
way
if
I
am
right
about
your
age.
So
would
you
please
tell
me
how
old
you
are?
Or
are
you
between
25
and
30?
这样的提问效果显而易见。
原则四:就回答提问
在Q&A的过程中,很多时候大家会觉得问了一个问题后就无话可说了,于是会出现冷场的局面,然后一拍两散,去寻找新的搭档,重演旧的悲剧。其实,如果两个人只要都稍微经过练习,就能做到一直谈下去,特别是在英语角这个地方,除非他累了。具体的方法就是,与其去想几十个问题,还不如先想好一个问题,然后在对方回答的过程中,顺着对方的思路去开发新的问题,这样一来向对方传达出你对他回答的兴趣,又给他不断表达的机会,然后用上面一个原则表达自己的观点,效果也是很好的。比如:
A:
What’s
your
name?
B:
York.
A:
Very
special
name,isn’t
it?
Do
you
like
it?
B:
Sure.
It
was
given
by
my
first
English
teacher
in
middle
school
and
it
became
my
personal
favorite
English
name.
A:
Interesting.
It
seems
that
he
influenced
you
a
great
deal.
What’s
he
like?
B:
Actually
I
don’t
remember
much
about
him
but
what
impressed
me
most
was
his
easygoing
personality
and
he
is
a
kind
guy
too.
A:
Well,middle
school
student
generally
hate
teachers,don’t
they?
B:
Yes,because
we
were
too
active
and
hated
being
controlled
and
disciplined.
But
I
would
like
to
say
that
he
is
an
exception
because
he
was
ready
to
help
any
student
in
need
and
he
seemed
to
understand
us
better,sometimes
much
better
than
our
parents
did.
A:
Is
there
any
specific
example
that
you
would
like
to
share
with
me?
I’m
really
interested
in
it.
为了让大家看得清楚这个原则的应用,这里的问答就没有采用多句的原则,效果自然不言自明。最有默契的搭档是这样做的:A铺垫提问,B陈述回答+提问,A陈述回答+提问,循环往复,以至无穷。
大家在掌握了这个额技巧以后,更重要的还是要明白说话的语言质量,内容以及逻辑性,这也是以后的文章会不断提到的。其实英语交流和中文交流一样,如果大家遇到了什么问题,首先考虑在中文交流过程中怎么解决的,很大程度上可以类推到英语中的。