写论文一般方法

work，学习动机，焦虑，自信心

中图法分类号：G40-032,G424.23

文献标识码：A

An

effectively

Organized

Group

Work

Based

Class

Model

Abstract:

This

paper

analyses

the

intrinsic

reasons

of

the

problems

puzzled

current

teaching

and

learning

on

the

General

Technology,and

presents

a

new

class

model

named

effectively

organized

group

work

based

class

model.

This

group

work

based

model

set

up

on

the

base

of

fully

goal

that

makes

the

well

designed

teaching

and

learning

actions

could

mobilize

all

students’

positive

factors,form

individual

characters

of

students,gather

team

works,improve

the

environment

of

learning

surround

the

students,and

make

full

use

of

the

resource

of

teaching.

Keywords:

Group

work,study

motivation,anxiety,self-confidence

1．简介

Group

work（分组作业）教学不但是国际上通行的教学模式，也是目前通用技术实践课的基本课堂教学组织模式。然而没有结合学生心理特点，未经精心设计，有效组织的group

work并不能达到教学目标[1]。在实际教学实践中，一些教师对group

work缺乏理论认识，因而存在不少问题。分组目的不明确是最主要的问题，仅仅企图通过分工让学生能“及时”地完成课堂作业而进行group

work是不可能对教学有任何积极意义的。为了防止团队意识不强的学生偷懒，一些教师强行进行分工，却发现这不是个通用的方法[2]。松散组织的group

work不可能进行有效的组间竞争，对发挥课堂效率也没有什么帮助。这样的教学模式还很难进行正确的教学评价[3]。

情感状态是影响学习的最大因素之一[4]，情感因素包括学习动机（motivation）、自信（self-confidence）和焦虑（anxiety）。焦虑是导致学习者产生学习情感障碍的关键变量[5]。Alpert

Hepworth,M,An

investigation

of

factors

that

may

demotivate

secondary

school

students

undertaking

project

work:

Implications

for

learning

information

literacy[J],Journal

of

Librarianship

and

Information

Science,2006

vol.39

no.1,page

13.

[3]Marcia

Devlin,Group

work

assessments

can

be

valuable

and

fair

-

A

HIGHER

EDUCATION

SPECIAL

REPORT[M],The

Australian

(Australia),October

3,2007,FEATURES;

Pg.

5

[4]Ehrman，M.E.，Leaver

B.L.

&

Oxford

R.L.

A

brief

overview

of

individual

differences

in

second

language

learning[J].

System，2003，31：313

–

330.

[5]Krashen，S.D.

Second

Language

Acquisition

and

Second

Language

Learning

[M].

Oxford：Pergamon

Press，1981.

[6]Alpert，R.，&

Haber，R.

N.

Anxiety

in

academic

achievement

situations

[J].

Journal

of

Abnormal

and

Social

Psychology

1960(61)：207-

215.

[7]

Dornyei，Z

and

Csizer，K,Ten

commandments

for

motivating

language

learners：results

of

and

empirical

study[J],Language

Teaching

Research，2，3，203

-

229，1998