初三英语重点语法知识点总结

1、连词that，只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略。

eg. He knew (that) he should work hard.

2、连词if 、whether，它们起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，在口语中多用if。

eg. Tom don’t know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.

He asked me whether or not I was coming.

一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether：

①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.

②在介词前：It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain.

③与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.

3、连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which，连接副词when, where, why, how， 它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意义。

eg. The teacher asked the new students which class he was in.

表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构。

with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语

举例：He stood there，his hand raised.

= He stood there，with his hand raise.

The murder was brought in， with his hands ___ behind his back.

A. being tied B. having tiedC. to be tiedD. tied

答案D. with +名词(代词)+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词“手”与分词“绑”是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选D.

动名词(doing)

动名词相当于名词,在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语等。

1. 作主语

Fighting broke out between the South and the North.

南方与北方开战了。

2. 作宾语

Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?

请问你介意调小一点收音机的音量吗?

3. 作表语

Babysister’s job is washing,cooking and taking care of the children.

保姆的工作是洗衣服,作饭和照看孩子。

4. 做定语

a washing machine 一台洗衣机

(1)动词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于动词后面的宾语从句。

如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我们班上谁的书法最好。

(2)介词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于介词后面的宾语从句。

如：I agree with what you said just now.我同意你刚才说的话。

(3)形容词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于形容词后面的宾语从句。

如：I am afraid that I will be late. 恐怕我要迟到了。