重庆 作文英语(1)
在和谐社会里,人与人之间的互帮互助已构成我们生活中的重要组成部分。下周英国友好学校将来你校访问,你校英语俱乐部将举行一次以“Helping Each Other Makes the World Wonderful”为主题的`英语演讲比赛。假如李智要参加演讲比赛,请你以“李智”的名义用英语写一篇讲稿。内容要点提示:
帮助同学---友谊;
帮助老人---幸福;
帮助病人---快乐;
帮助别人体会……
要求:
1、词数:80词左右。正文开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数;
2、文中不能出现自己的姓名和所在学校的名称。
Helping Each Other Makes the World Wonderful
Hello, everyone. I’m Li Zhi. It’s nice to speak about help here. _________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you for your listening.
中考英语作文范文
Helping Each Other Makes the World Wonderful
Hello, everyone. I’m Li Zhi. It’s nice to speak about help here. In our life we often help others and also get help from others. When we help our classmates with their study and other things, we can develop our friendship. If we give a hand to old people, we can understand the meaning of pleasure. As we know, patient in our life. I think we can get much when we help the people around us. As the saying goes, “Giving is much better than receiving.”
重庆 作文英语(2)
20xx年重庆中考英语作文篇1亲爱的同学们,课余时间、周末、假期,你们通常都是怎样度过的呢?请以“My Free Time”为题,写一篇短文。
信息提示:1. 参加运动,强身健体;2. 娱乐活动,放松心情;3. 做家务,帮助父母;
4. 课外阅读,开拓视野。
要点:1. 根据信息提示,把握要点,适当发挥,不逐字翻译。
2. 文中不得出现真实人名或校名。
3. 词数为80-100。文章的开头已给出,但不计人总词数
My Free Time
I have lots of things to do in my free time
【优秀满分范文】
My Free Time
I have lots of things to do in my free time.
Usually I take exercise after school so that I can keep healthy and study better. Sometimes I listen to the music for a while, which is a good way to relax myself. Of course, I help my parents with the housework at the weekends too. When I get tired, I would like to sit by the balcony and read books such as a novel, a science fiction, or even a poem. Reading calms my heart down and satisfies my hunger for knowledge.
I love my free time because I enjoy the freedom.
20xx年重庆中考英语作文篇2每一个人,每一个国家,都拥有梦想。“中国梦”是目前最热的话题。作为中学生,你是如何理解中国梦的?你的中国梦是什么呢?为实现你的梦想,你将怎么做呢?假设你叫李红(Li Hong),请以“My Dream”为题,写一篇不少于100词的英语短文。
要求: 1. 条理清楚,有表明自己观点的句子。
2. 书写工整,句式规范,标点符号和大小写使用正确。
3. 短文中应尽量包括提示内容,可适当发挥,但不能出现真实的人名、地名。
4. 参考词汇:China dream,come true ,achieve one’s dreams., give up, hold on to, make up of
【优秀满分范文】
My Dream
Everyone has his dreams. As young students, we have many kinds of dreams. These dreams are our China dreams. The dreams can be very big, and they can also be small. In fact ,a big dream is made up of many small dreams.
My name’s Li Hong. I also have a dream. I dream of becoming a great scientist. From now on, I have to study hard to achieve my dream. I must learn as much as I can. When I meet any difficulty, I won’t give it up , I must get it over .
I’m sure it’s very important to dream,. Some dreams are more realistic, others are not. No matter what our dreams are, we should hold on to them, they can just come true one day.
20xx年重庆中考英语作文篇3当今社会,与人交往越来越成为一种不可或缺的能力,作为中学生,学会如何与人相处尤为重要。假如上周你们班对“如何与人相处”展开了讨论,请根据以下的讨论结果,以“How to get on well with others?”为题,写一篇英语短文。
注意:(1)词数80左右;
(2)可适当发挥,以使行文连贯;
(3)文中请勿提及你的真实姓名和学校。
【优秀满分范文】 How to get on well with others
As we all know, students should learn how to get on well with others. But in what ways?
First of all, we should respect others. Everyone has their own way to do things, so we should understand each other. Besides, it is important for us to communicate with each other and share our happiness and sadness. What’s more, we should be kind to others and offer necessary help to those who are in trouble. In my opinion, we should treat others in an honest way. Only in this way can we get along well with each other and feel happy.
20xx年重庆中考英语作文篇4The Advantage and Disadvantage of Internet
With the development of science and technology, Internet becomes more and more popular. When it comes to this phenomenon, people differ greatly in their attitudes. Some maintain that searching the internet has many advantages. Others, on the contrary, hold the opinion that searching the internet brings lots of disadvantages to mankind. Personally, I stand on the side of the former one, as I think its advantage is more than disadvantage.
随着科技的发展,互联网变得越来越流行。谈及这一现象时,人们对于这个问题的态度差异很大。有人坚持认为上网有很多优点。与此相反,有人认为互联网给人们带来了很多的缺点。就我个人而言,我同意前者的观点,因为我觉得它的优点多于缺点。
First of all, internet is so amazing that many people are easily indulged in it. Being the product of high technology, a large number of people are curious about it and would like to take an exploration to it. The world on the internet is very colorful, and there are many attractive things on it. Many people couldn't control themselves. So, some of them may play computer games day and night ignoring everything. Some of them may pay too much attention to chat on it or entertain themselves and then have little energy put on the study or work. From this side, internet does harm to people's life. However, it also brings advantages at the same time.
首先,互联网是如此的不可思议,使得很多人容易沉迷于它。作为高技术产品,很多人都对它很好奇,想去探索它。在互联网上的世界是丰富多彩的,上面有许多吸引人的东西。许多人控制不了自己。所以,有些人可能会不分白天黑夜的玩电脑游戏,而忽视其他一切事物。他们中的一些人可能会过于关注聊天或娱乐,只放一点点精力放在工作或学习上。从这方面来看,网络危害人们的生活。然而,同时它也带来了好处。互联网的利弊
Internet enriches people's life, bringing convenience to them. With internet, people can learn lots of things, which will make them become more knowledgeable, and get improvement. It is very convenient. People can buy things on it, connect with others, read books and so on. People can save a lot of time with it.
网络丰富了人们的生活,给他们带来了很多便利。在因特网上,人们可以学到很多东西,这可以让他们更加的知识渊博,并得到提高。它真的很方便。人们可以在网上买东西,联系他人,看书等。人们可以节省很多时间。
In general, as far as I am concerned, the advantage of internet surpass disadvantage. But people have to use it in a proper way or just have the opposite effect.
总的来说,就我而言,互联网的优点多于缺点。但人们应该要用正确的方式来使用它不然就会适得其反。
20xx年重庆中考英语作文篇5假定你是李华,你们学校和一所美国学校签署了教师交流协议。在过去的一年里,你们的英语老师是来自这所学校的Sue Wood 。 不久前她返回美国任教。请根据要求写封电子邮件。1.对她表达感谢之意 2.介绍她离开后自己和班级发生的事情 3.希望了解她的近况
范文:
Dear Sue ,
I’m LiHua ,one of your students in China .It’s almost a month since you left us . We all miss you and are very grateful for what you did for us when we were together .
We are busy as usual. We had an English speech contest the other day . I won the first prize! This again reminds me of all your kind help . Do you still remember the trees we planted together on the hill behind the school? Yesterday we went there and watered them. The three you planted yourself is growing well ,and the whole class decided to name it Sue wood . Will you come back to see Sue wood ?
How is everything with you lately ? We hope to know more about you and your American students . Hope to keep in close touch .
All the best
Liu Hua
20xx年重庆中考英语作文篇6Helen Keller
Helen Keller lived in the USA. She was a GREat woman.
Helen was blind and deaf. She couldn’t see anything or hear anything. Her parents are very sad.
A teacher helped Helen study words. Helen studied them very hard when she GREw up. She went to college. In Helen Keller’s life, she wrote fourteen books and her first book is “My Life”. The book “If you give me three days light” is very famous.
She has some words: Be of good cheer. Do not think of today’s failures, but of the success that may come tomorrow. You have set yourself a difficult task, but you will succeed if you persevere; and you will find joy in overcoming obstacles.
Though she was blind and deaf, she found a way to see and hear.
重庆 作文英语(3)
20xx年重庆中考英语作文预测篇1为了使同学们与人交往时举止更加文雅,你校学生会正在举办以“How to behave well?”为主题的英语征文比赛,请你写一篇短文。(以上背景内容无需表述)
短文要点如下:
1.学生应该守时、守信、不撒谎、不说脏话;
2.礼貌待人,热心助人;
3.遵守交通规则;不在公共场所喧哗;不乱扔垃圾;
4.请你就此话题再补充一至两点个人看法。
要求:1.不要逐词翻译。
2.在文中不要提及真实的校名和姓名。
3.词数60~80。短文首句已给出,不计入总词数。
How to behave well
Behaving well is the secret of getting on well with others.
【优秀满分范文】
How to behave well
Behaving well is the secret of getting on well with others.
As a student,I think it’s very important to do everything on time and keep promises. Never lie to others or say dirty words. We should be polite to others and ready to help people in need. We’d better not talk loudly in public. Don’t throw litter or spit about. And remember to obey traffic rules.
Finally,learn to work with others. We need good teamwork in our life.
20xx年重庆中考英语作文预测篇2请根据以下提示信息以My favourite movie star为题,用英语写一篇80词左右的短文,可适当发挥。 提示信息:
☆ Who is your favourite movie star?
☆ What does he or she look like?
☆ What do you think is his or her best movie?
☆ Why do you like him or her?
【优秀满分范文】
My favourite movie star
My favourite movie star is Jackie Chan. He has won many prizes. He is famous not only in China, but also in other countries.
Jackie Chan is not very tall. He has black hair and a big nose. His eyes are not big, but bright. He always smiles, especially after he beats bad men. Most of his movies are exciting. I think his best movie is Police Story. He often gives money to help poor people, so I like him very much.
20xx年重庆中考英语作文预测篇3天下最伟大的爱就是母爱。假设你是李静,母亲节就要到了,你们班将举办以What will you do for Mum?为题的英语演讲比赛。请你准备一篇80词左右的演讲稿参加比赛。
【优秀满分范文】
What will you do for Mum
Hello, class. I’m Li Jing. Mother’s Day is coming.
I’m going to do something for my mum on that day.
My mum likes flowers, so I’ll buy some beautiful ones for her. I’ll cook a delicious dinner after school. Our family will get together and have dinner happily. Also, I’ll send my mum a card and say “Happy Mother’s Day” to her.
I love my mum very much and I’ll study hard to make her proud of me one day.
Thanks for your attention.
重庆 作文英语(4)
20xx重庆高考英语作文素材1:Love Life,Love YourselfIn general, a girl with pretty face must be popular all the time. Everyone believe that a pretty girl will always be the winner. While the fact is not true sometimes. Many homely girls win the handsome boy’s hearts and that’s the common situation. It is the girl’s attitude to life that makes her charming.
一般来说,一个有漂亮脸蛋的女孩一定是受欢迎的。每个人都认为,一个漂亮的女孩永远是赢家。而事实有时并不是如此。许多平凡的女孩赢得了帅哥的心,这是常见的情形。正是女孩对生活态度,使她充满了魅力。Though most girls are not born with nature beauty, they love life and make themselves attractive all the time. They live the healthy lifestyle. They less stay up and pay special attention to the meal. Breakfast will not be missed no matter how busy they are. When they are not busy, they will learn to make some food and enjoy casual time.
尽管大多数女孩不是与生俱来就长得好看,但是她们热爱生活,让自己看起来迷人。她们过着健康的生活方式。几乎不怎么熬夜,对吃的特别注意。早餐是不会错过的,不管她们有多忙。不忙时,她们会学着去做一些食物,享受休闲时光。They do not follow fashion. They have their own dressing style. It is important for girls to make up, even though people say beautiful soul is beyond everything. While dressing well can reflect a girl’s confidence and her charm. People will remember her at first sight for her special temperament.
她们不跟随时尚。她们有自己的穿衣风格。化妆对女孩子来说是很重要的,尽管人们说美丽的心灵是超越了一切。虽然穿着得体可以反映出女孩的自信和她的魅力。人们会一眼记得她,因为她特殊的气质。Beautiful face indeed brings many advantages, but only the characteristic makes a person stand out.
美丽的脸蛋确实带来了很多优势,但是只有性格才能让一个人脱颖而出。
20xx重庆高考英语作文素材2:The Color of YouthCollege is the very amazing stage for students, they have gone through the hard time and finally come to their dream place. In this beautiful age, students are young and full of energy, their color of youth should be red, which means active.
大学是学生非常美妙的阶段,他们已经度过了艰难的时期,最终来到他们梦想的地方。在这个美丽的年纪,学生是年轻和充满活力,青春的颜色应该是红色的,这意味着活跃。For college students, their main energy should be put on study. It is the age of fighting, they need to learn more knowledge, so that they can make some preparation for their future. What they learn will decide what kind of job they will do in the future. It is important to master the skills and find their own advantages.
对大学生来说,他们的主要精力应该放在学习。这是奋斗的年纪,他们需要学习的知识,这样他们就可以为他们的未来做准备。他们学习什么将决定他们将来会做什么样的工作。重要的是要掌握技巧,找到自己的优势。Besides study, joining the activity is also part of their lives. They can learn how to get along with others and cooperate with other students. Cooperation is really important, the employers take special attention on this ability. So joining the activity can cultivate students’ practical skills.
除了学习,参加活动也是他们生活的一部分。他们可以学习如何与他人相处和与其他学生合作。合作是非常重要的,雇主特别关注这一能力。所以参加活动可以培养学生的实践技能。The color of youth is red, it is full of energy, students store their knowledge and fight for their future.
青春的颜色是红色的,它充满了能量,学生在储备他们的知识和为他们的未来而奋斗。
20xx重庆高考英语作文素材3:The Cat`s Call at NightLast night, when I got sleep, I heard some voice, it sounded like the baby was crying, then I looked out of the window, but no one was outside. As the voice kept going on, I could not sleep, I have to figure out what was going on outside, I went to my backyard, then I found a cat was calling, not the baby. How surprised I was.
昨晚,当我睡觉,我听到一些声音,听起来就像是婴儿在哭,然后我往窗外看,但是外面没有人。由于声音不停止下来,我无法入睡,我不得不弄清楚外面发生了什么事,我走到后院,发现一只猫在叫,不是婴儿。我感到很吃惊。
重庆 作文英语(5)
20xx重庆高考英语作文1:My Congratulation to My FriendSince we go to school, my friend and I are fighting for our future college, we want to go to our dreaming college, so we work so hard. After three years’ fighting, we finally come to the graduate season, I get my college’s reception, I am so happy, my friend also gets what she wants, all of us have realized our dreams. As her best friend, I am so happy for her, so I want to show my congratulation to her. I decide to buy her a present, so I go to shopping. I have no idea what to buy, my mother suggests me to buy her a pen, I think it is a good idea. I buy a pen with the picture that she loves, I give this present to her, she is very happy and she says she likes it very much. I wish her the best in her college life.
打从我们上学起,我的朋友和我就为了我们将来的大学在奋斗,我们想要个梦想中的大学,因此我们很努力学习。经过了3年的学习,我们最终来到了毕业季,我接到了大学的录取通知,很开心,我的朋友也得到了她想要的,我们都实现了自己的梦想。作为她最好的朋友,我为她感到高兴,所以我想要向她展示我的祝贺。我决定给她买礼物,我去购物,但是不知道买什么,我的妈妈建议我给她买一只笔,我觉得这是个好主意。我买了一只带有她喜欢的图案的笔,我把礼物给了她,她很高兴,并且说很喜欢。我祝愿她的大学生活一切顺利。
20xx重庆高考英语作文2:Worshipping StarsToday, many young people are crazy about their idols. Many years ago, in order to see the idol, a girl made her father threaten the star, finally, the father dropped down the river and ended his life. It is such a horrible incident, the public criticizes the girl for her blindness in worshipping star. Many students even skip their class, just to see their idols in the airport. What’s more, they spend a lot of money to buy the products about their idols. The students don’t have money, they ask their parents to give the money, it is not right to do it. The young people should treat the stars in the right way, they need to figure what is right and wrong. If they follow their stars in the wrong way, they will ruin themselves. So people need to support their stars in the wise way.
今天,很多年轻人为他们的偶像疯狂。很多年以前,为了见到偶像,一个女孩让他的父亲去威胁明星,最后,这个父亲跳进河里,结束了他的生命。这是多么可怕的事件啊,大众批评这个女孩如此盲目的追星。很多学生甚至旷课,只是为了去机场看偶像。而且,他们花费了很多钱来买有关偶像的产品。学生没有钱,他们叫父母给钱,这样做是不对的。年轻人应该正确看待明星,他们需要分清什么是对和错。如果他们错误地追星,就会毁了自己。所以人们需要理智的支持明星。
20xx重庆高考英语作文3:When We Get AngryWhen people are not in the mood, they will become angry and when their families or friends talk to them, they will bring their bad mood, saying the bad words to the dearest person. It is not the wise choice for people let out their bad mood, because when they calm down, they will be very regretful for what they have done to their families and friends. Sometimes mean words are just like the sharp knives, stabbing into people’s hearts. So when we get angry, we should learn to control our emotion. We are easily to say out the hurting words, which makes the one we love suffering. Even if we apologize, but the pain still exists, like the broken mirror which can’t be fixed totally. So when we are angry, the best way to be silent and don’t do stupid things.
当人们心情不好,他们会变得生气,在家人和朋友对他们说话的时候,他们会带着坏心情,对最亲近的人说难听的话。这对于人们来说不是发泄坏心情的明智选择,因为当他们冷静下来,就会为自己对家人和朋友所做过的事情后悔。有时候恶毒的语言就好比尖锐的刀子,捅进人们的新房。所以当我们变得生气了,应该学着去控制情绪。我们会很容易就说出伤人的词语,这也使得我们爱的人受伤。即使我们道歉,但是伤痛仍然在,就好比破镜无法彻底重圆一样。因此当我们生气,最好的方法是保持寂静,不要做愚蠢的事情。
重庆 作文英语(6)
20xx重庆高考英语作文1:On Perseverance“Try and try until you succeed.” This saying shows the importance of perseverance, I have found in my experience that only through hard work can we succeed. Many people have failed in their work or studies, precisely because they had no perseverance Life, in general, as in many things we do has never been easy. No one promised us what it would be.
So, if we want to succeed in life, we must be brave to win. The standard that differentiates people who succeed in life and those who don't is perseverance.
“的尝试,直到成功。”这句话显示了坚持不懈的重要性,我在我的经验表明,只有通过努力工作,才能取得成功。很多人都在他们的工作或学习,这正是因为他们没有毅力的生活,一般在我们做许多事,从来不是容易的。没有人答应,我们会是怎样。
所以,如果我们想成功在生活中,我们必须敢于胜利。区分的标准,人们在生活中谁成功,那些谁不就是毅力。
20xx重庆高考英语作文2:On HappinessSomeone asks me what on earth happiness means? I can't give you the exact definition of it, but I'm sure if you love and help others, you'll get it.
I'll never forget an old lady. She lives in a small house alone. It's said that her husband and her son died in a traffic accident. How bitter her life is!But the old lady often helps others with a smile. Whenever it snows, she is always the first to clean the paths. She looks after several children living nearby. I am one of them. I often remember the stories she told us and her kind smile. Perhaps she is unlucky, but I think she is a happy person. Her life is full of laughter and love.
But I'm sad to see some people getting their happiness in bad ways.They speak loudly in cinemas and meeting rooms; they destroy trees to enjoy themselves and they laugh at others' shortcomings. Perhaps they feel happy at that time, but they will never get true happiness because they have lost their personality.
Now I know what happiness is. It means kindness, love and unselfishness. Above all, only bringing happiness to others can make you yourself get it.
有人问什么,我在地球上幸福的手段?我不能给你它的确切定义,但我敢肯定,如果你爱和帮助别人,你就会得到它。
我永远不会忘记一个老太太。她住在一个小房子里。它说,她的丈夫和儿子在一次交通事故中死亡。如何她的生活是苦!但老太太经常帮助别人的微笑。每逢下雪,她总是第一个清洁的路径。她照顾几个孩子居住在附近。我是其中之一。我常常记得的故事告诉我们,她和她的一种微笑。也许她是不走运,但我认为她是一个快乐的人。她的生活充满了欢笑和爱。
但我很伤心,看到有些人让他们在恶劣ways.They幸福大声说话,在电影院和会议室,他们摧毁的树木享受自己和他们在别人的缺点笑。也许他们认为在当时很高兴,但他们永远不会得到真正的幸福,因为他们已经失去了他们的个性。
现在我知道什么是幸福。这意味着善良,爱和无私。总之,只有造福于其他人可以让你自己明白这一点。
20xx重庆高考英语作文3:About ExaminationsI don't remember how many examinations I've taken since I began my schooling. Truth to tell, I don't like examinations at all. I dare say that, in fact, no student likes examinations.
We often hear people say “Examinations are teachers' magic weapon”, so most of us may think it is our teachers who give us students so many examinations. But I don't think so. Almost all of them have once been students before they became teachers. We don't like examinations, and neither do our teachers, which may be reasonably concluded. What's more,the more examinations we take, the more time will be taken from our teachers and the more troubles our teachers have to take.
It is the system in our country, I think, that gives us students so many examinations. If there were no entrance examinations, and all the students could go up to the higher grades without competition, there would not be so many examinations in primary and middle schools. So it is important and necessary to reform the entrance system. Only in this way can examinations be greatly reduced, and then all the students will be happier.
我不记得有多少我已经采取了,因为我开始我的学业考试。坦白说,我不喜欢考试的。我敢说,事实上,没有学生喜欢考试。
我们经常听到人们说:“考试是老师的法宝”,因此我们大多数人可能认为这是我们的老师谁给我们这么多的学生考试。但我不这么认为。几乎所有的人都曾经是学生,才当了老师。我们不喜欢考试,也没有我们的老师,这可能是合理的结论。更重要的是,我们越要考试,的时间将由我们的教师采取的麻烦和教师要采取。
这是我国制度,我觉得,这给了我们这么多的学生考试。如果没有入学考试,所有的学生可以没有竞争上升到更高级别,但不会在小学和中学这么多的考试。因此,重要的和必要的改革招生制度。只有这样,才能大大降低考试,然后所有的学生更快乐。
重庆 作文英语(7)
请结合材料,按要求用英文写作。
A mother said,”My son is always on the phone,sleeping, out with his friends.or in his room.
He never has time to talk to me.”
要求:(1)就此材料发表你的看法;
(2)紧扣材料,有明确的观点;
(3)词数不少于60;
(4)在答题卡上作答。
调查显示,中国长江江豚(finless porpoise)受人类活动影响而频临灭绝,目前总数不足1000只。
暇设你是李华,现请用英文给WWF(世界自然保护基金组织)写一封信,请他们关注这一状况并
提供帝助。内容应包括:
·说明写信目的
·简述江豚现状
·希望WWF如何帮助(比如:资助江豚保护项目等)
·表示感谢并期待回复
注意:(1)词数不少于80;
(2)在答题卡上作答
(3)书信格式及开头均已给出(不计入总词数)。
Dear Sir or Madam,
I’m a student from Chongqing,China.
___________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
重庆 作文英语(8)
请就以下话题,按要求用英文写作。
If you could give your younger self one piece of advice, what would you say?
要求:
(1)作出回答并说出理由;
(2)词数不少于60;
(3)在答题卡上做答。
写作二
是一个面向全球的图书分享网站。该网站组织的分享活动有两种参与方式:一是自由分享(wild release),即把书放在指定地点,由其他参与者自由获取;二是定向分享(controlled release),即直接传递给另一位参与者。假设你是李华,请用英文写信申请参加。内容应包括:
·表明写信目的选择一种分享方式
·简述作出该选择的理由
·希望了解更多信息
注意:(1)词数不少于80;
(2)在答题卡上做答
(3)书信格式及开头已给出(不计入总词数)
重庆 作文英语(9)
写作一(满分15分)
请结合材料,按要求用英文写作。
A mother said,"My son is always on the phone, sleeping,out with his friends,or in his room He never has time to talk to me."
要求:(1)就此材料发表你的看法;
(2)紧扣材料,有明确的观点;
(3)词数不少于60;
(4)在答题卡上作答。
写作二(满分20分)
调查显示,中国长江江豚(finless porpoise)受人类活动影响而濒临灭绝,目前总数不足1000只。假设你是李华,现请用英文给WWF(世界自然保护基金组织)写一封信,请他们关注这一状况并提供帮助。内容应包括:
1.说明写信的目的
2.简述江豚现状
3.希望WWF如何帮助(比如:资助江豚保护项目等)
4.表示感谢并期待回复
注意:
(1)词数不少于80
(2)在答题卡上作答;
(3)书信格式及开头均已给出(不计入总词数)。