六级考试作文（1）

四级和六级考试写作虽然曾经采用相同的命题，但是评分却有差别。在写作测试和教学中，考生和教师都应该敏锐地把握这些差异。具体地讲，语汇、语型、句法和章法结构多个方面在深度和准确程度上有差异。

实际上不同的考试使用相同或者相似的命题，在国外测试中屡见不鲜。托福和雅思，GMAT 和GRE命题很多时候是相同的。可是考试的评分重点有很大的不同。

写四级作文，考生应该注意不要超过四级考试的词汇范围。句法结构要有适当的变化，但是不要使用过于复杂的从句。否则，错误的复杂句子远远不如正确的简单的句子。

我们用一道具体的题目分析四级和六级的差别。

例题：1998年1月

Part Ⅴ Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Harmfulness of Fake Commodities. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1. 目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品(fake commodities)。为什么会有这种现象?

2. 举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会等的危害。

Harmfulness of Fake Commodities

范文一

Each individual encounters such troubles as sickness and discomfort situations in his or her development. Similarly, each society is inevitably harmfully impacted by immoral or even illegal economic activities in the process of its evolvement. The most notorious and harmful among these despicable actives are fake commodities.

Fake commodities, like a virus that intrudes and cripples an organism, exert alarmingly detrimental influences on each individual consumer, the community, and the social mores as well.

They directly hurt the consumers by providing products that are priced highly but inferior in quality. Sometimes such products as faked medicine or foods can threaten consumers’ life, needless to mention consumers’ economic loss. The more fake commodities a society has, the more exacerbated the moral and ethic in that society.

What the society must immediately address is to minimize the quantity of any fake commodities and eradicate any opportunity to manufacture them. 146 words 注意现在的作文要求字数增加到了200字左右。

讲评：

1. 类比性思维和写作手法处理抽象复杂的命题

2. 比较结构的句型写作训练

3. 主语从句为代表的复杂句法结构

4. 定语从句的训练

范文二 204单词

Economic boom should bring people a more comfortable and convenient life. Ironically, the more commodities available in a society whose economic fabric is not woven by legal and moral warp and woof , the less and less security the average consumers can have. In fact, even today the public is still jeopardized by fake commodities that flood almost each developing country.

Fake commodities directly harm the average individual consumers in a series of ways. First they are usually inferior in quality and thus cannot meet consumers’ ends. Take a fake watch as an example, it is sold at the same price as is the genuine one but seldom can it give time precisely. Secondly, they might threaten consumers’ health and life in case of fake foods, medicine, and beverages. Some patients are seriously endangered by taking fake medicines. Some even lose their life immediately after eating fake soybean sauces and vinegar. The society as a whole is also detrimentally infected by fake commodities as far as the moral and ethic is concerned.

Then, how to address this serious problem? Most vital is to legally penalize those who manufacture and trade fake products. Second is to educate people how to tell the facts and fiction.

以上两篇作文都是非常优秀的。从用词到句型的变化，章法的合理安排等各个方面都已经超越了一个考生能够掌握的程度。所以，单纯从四六级考试来看，都不是适合学生的作文。那么考虑到考生的实际英语水平。我们提供一下两种写法。

究竟什么才是优秀的四级作文呢？这个说法本来就比较矛盾。因为四级考试本身就是要求比较低的英文。如何在低层次获得“优秀”实在不是一件容易的事情。

分析：

1. 目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品(fake commodities)。为什么会有这种现象?

2. 举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会等的危害。

这个考题要求考生

> 描述社会上有不少假冒伪劣的商品

> 分析社会现象存在的原因

> 利弊陈述

这是四级和六级共同要求的语言功能，这两种考试都要求考生严格按照命题的提纲写作。所以三个段落的划分就十分清楚。

范文三 （四级）

190 words

The society has hundreds and thousands of fake commodities. They are almost everywhere. They are in daily life, hospital, supermarkets, and so on.

Why do we have these fake commodities? This question has not only attracted the interests from the scientists but also from the general public. Generally three reasons have been given to explain this phenomenon. First of all, fake commodities are usually profitable. They are lower in cost and of course, in quality, but are high in price. Secondly, the society often finds it hard to help consumers to tell fake ones from the genuine goods. Third, legal restrictions against fake commodities are not work at all or work with lower efficiency.

Fake commodities do harm to the human life. They can damage the life or ruin one’s happiness, depending on what kind of fake commodities consumers have bought. They can also damage the society as a whole if the fake commodities are not restricted by governments or other agencies. Fake medicines are a typical example. Today, even in the field of academic, fake papers are not uncommon. All these fake commodities exert negative impacts on human civilization.

范文四 （六级）： 258 words

Fake commodities seem to flood into each corner of daily life. Worse they even stream into academic institutions evidenced by the fact that some professors plagiarize papers. We have fake clothes with brand name. We have fake medicines which are openly sold in hospitals. We also have some fake computers and TV sets. In one word, fake commodities are almost everywhere.

Then we naturally ask: Why do fake commodities flow into the supermarkets? The flood is so overwhelming that both the sociologists and the general public have to dig the root reasons. On the basis of scientific research and survey, scholars discover that among the diverse array of contributing factors, the major one is that the society in which the fake commodities are flooding is usually short of an effective legal system to control or guide the markets. Another reason, similarly vital, states that the social and economic order is maintained by, to a considerable extent, ethic and moral. But the moral and value system becomes fragile when subject to a market characterized and dominated by the cold cash. Economic models have been put forward to provide theories to account fro why fake commodities can negative influence a society to such an extent. Of courses many other reasons also play their roles.

The harmful impacts exerted by fake commodities on the social and economic development can be alarmingly destructive. Not only can they directly harm the consumers’ benefits and rights but also they collapse a civilization provided that the government has no effective measures to address this problem.

考生可以比较四级和六级考试的两篇范文的主要区别。在逻辑分析问题形成的原因时，也就是文章的中间主题段落，四级考生只要用基本的句型表达清楚就可以了。而六级的要求则普遍偏高。考生必须从表层浅显，甚至时司空见惯的社会生活现象挖掘出深层的本质原因。在范文四，我从社会的法律和社会秩序的维系主体立义。

从思维高度上，如果说六级要求高。那么在表达的方式上，六级使用的句子长度和难度都比较高。比如在范文四中最长的句子可以高达46个单词。而在四级中则没有这种复杂多变的句子。还有一个问题需要提醒考生，六级作文明显体现出从句多，层次关系复杂。

以上的作文实际上都达到了满分的要求。四六级考试即将来临，预祝考生获得应试成功。

六级考试作文（2）

作文题目　Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling

作文：1.如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写

2.出现这种情况的'原因

3.这种现象导致的结果

六级考试作文（3）

有一个会议在你所在的`城市召开，你想去参加。给会议的组织者写一封信。说一下你想参加的原因，并简单介绍一下自己。并请他提供一些会议的相关信息。

dear professor huang,

i write for information regarding the forthcoming international education conference to be held at your prestigious university.

i am a first-year student from nanjing university majoring in education, and have a particular interest in the teaching of work place skills and employer’s perceptions of new graduates.

i plan to attend the conference and would like information about the contributory speakers, the content of their talks, and their research interests. however, although i have been living in nanjing in the past four years, i am unfamiliar with nanjing. therefore, if you could please also send the details of how to get to your university it would make my arrangements much easier.

in addition, if you could let me have details of the accommodation that is available i would be more than grateful.

i look forward to receiving the information and meeting you in person.

sincerely yours,

frank

六级考试作文（4）

在现实生活或工作学习中，许多人都写过作文吧，写作文是培养人们的观察力、联想力、想象力、思考力和记忆力的重要手段。那要怎么写好作文呢？下面是小编精心整理的`英语六级考试作文万能，欢迎阅读，希望大家能够喜欢。

开头句型：

1.以同位语作为句子的开头。

The most popular teacher in Neworiental, Ma Zihui, will attend the party. 2.以单个修饰语作为句子的开头。

这个修饰语可以是形容词、分词或副词。

Young and ambitious,JieYu works hard to teach Englsih.

Secretly, the girl entered the room.

With a book in her hands, Fang Meng talked to a foreigner.

Exhausted, the students reached the top of the mountain.

3.以短语修饰语作为句子的开头。

短语修饰语可以是介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语以及独立主格结构。

In front of me stood a beautiful girl.

To pass the exam, the students worked hard.

Confused about the problem, he went to ask for his teacher.

Your homework finished, you may go home.

4.用从句作为句子的开始。

If I am free, I will attend your lecture.

Whenever one goes, whatever one does, one needs money.

英语六级考试作文万能

一.上升增长

1.add up to增加了eg. The total amount of added up to 14 billion pounds in 1994. 2. to jump to / to soar to一跃达到/猛增到

eg. The total working days lost soared to 10 million in 1979.

3.an increase of aboutpercent as pared with与相比大约增加了

eg. In August as many as 39 car accidents were reported, indicating an increase of about 79% as pared with the number of January.

4.to experience an increase/incline有了增长

eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing an incline.

二.下降，减少

1.to sink/drop/reduce to减少到

eg. The rate of strikes sank/dropped to the lowest point in 1979.

2.to experience a decrease/decline有了减少

eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing a decrease.注意：

修饰上升/减少的副词有：

rapidly slowly dramatically respectively表达上升/减少的最后状态的词有：

the highest peak the lowest point 10 million 10%

六级考试作文（5）

关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……

There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that

俗话说(常言道)……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。

There is an old It"s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even

现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……;其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。

Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily First, ____ Second, What makes things worse is

现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外(而且)……。

Nowadays，it is common to Many people like ______ because Besides。

任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。

Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and

关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为(说)……，在他们看来，……

People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to Some people say that them,

人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。

Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more

……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。

______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their

……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。

______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as

根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出…。很显然…，但是为什么呢?

According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ Obviously，______，but why?

六级考试作文（6）

至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为……

As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some I think that

总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来……。

In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of in this way can ______in the

但是，……和……都有它们各自的优势(好处)。例如，……，而……。然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于(喜欢)……

But ______and ______have their own For example, _____, Comparing this with that, however, I prefer

就我个人而言，我相信……，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为……

Personally, I believe Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us

随着社会的发展，……。因此，迫切需要……。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。

With the development of society, it"s urgent and necessary to every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and

至于我(对我来说，就我而言)，我认为……更合理。只有这样，我们才能……

For my part, I think it reasonable Only in this way can you

对我来说，我认为有必要……。原因如下：第一，……; 第二，……;最后……但同样重要的是……

In my opinion, I think it necessary The reasons are as First Last but not least,

在总体上很难说……是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而，就我个人而言，我发现……。

It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation However, from a personal point of view

综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论……

From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion

如果我们不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了这种趋势，就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我们应该做的是……

If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do

六级考试作文（7）

对立法 先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或偏向于某一看法, 适用于有争议性的主题.

When asked , the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that I think/view a bit 在谈到,广大/求说但我觉得/观点有点不同。

When it comes to , some people believe that Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true . There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements , but (I tend to the previous/latter ) 当涉及到有些人认为一些人则认为/声称，相反/恰恰相反。可能有一些在两个参数真理/报表，但(我更倾向于前/后

Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that They claim/ believe/argue that But I wonder/doubt

现在，它通常是/一般/普遍认为/月/承认，他们声称/相信/认为不过，我怀疑/怀疑

现象法 引出要剖析的现象或者问题, 然后评论 .

Recently the rise in problem of/(phenomenon of) has cause/aroused public/popular/wide/ worldwide 最近上升的问题/(现象)已造成/引起公众/流行/宽/举世关注

Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of been brought into ( has been brought to public attention) 最近，问题的问题/ 的现象已成为注意的焦点。 (已经被brought公众的注意)

inequality is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face 通货膨胀/贪污/社会不平等又是新的和痛苦的真理，我们必须学会面对的/不断另一个。

观点法 ----开门见山,直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法.

Never history has the change of been as evident as Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of be more visible/popular 历史上从未有改变的被明显的，因为在世界任何地方/中国有问题/思想的更可见/受欢迎的程度

Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning/coming to realize/accept/(be aware) 现在越来越多的人/大量开始/来实现/接受/(知道)的

Now there is a growing awareness/recognition ot the necessity people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of 现在，人们日益认识/认识到有必要逾现在，人们越来越认识到/的重要性的认识

Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea 也许现在是有一个重新审视的态度/想法

引用法 ----- 先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 来引出文章要展开论述的观点!

"Knowledge is " such is the remark made by This remark has been shared by more and more people . “知识就是力量。”这就是由培根说了。这句话也有同样的越来越多的人。

"Education is not complete with " Such is the opinion of a great American Now more and more people share his “教育是不完整的毕业。”这就是一个伟大的美国哲学家的意见。现在，越来越多的人分享他的意见。

"" How often we hear such statements/words like thoses /this . ""如何我们经常听到这样的声明/放入系统一样的话/本。

In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this "".在我们自己的日子，我们都已经习惯听到这样的传统抱怨，因为这"".

比较法 ------ 通过对过去,现在 两种不同的倾向,观点的比较 , 引出文章要讨论的观点.

For years, been viewed as But people are taking a fresh look With the growing , people . 多年来，已被视为但是，人们正在以新面貌了。随着越来越多 ，人 。

People used to think that (In the past, ) But people now share this 人们曾经以为 (过去，)但是，人们现在这个新的共享。

故事法 ---- 先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣, 引出文章的主题.

Once in (a newspaper) , I read of/learnt The phenomenon of has aroused public 一旦(报纸)，我阅读/学习的现象引起市民关注

I have a friend who Should he ? Such a dilemma we are often confront with in our daily 我有一个朋友谁如果他 ?这样的困境，我们常常遇到在我们的日常生活的。

Once upon a time , there lived a man who This story may be (unbelievable) , but it still has a realistic significance 从前，有一位男子谁这个故事可能是(难以置信)，但它仍然有现实意义现在

问题法 ----- 先用讨论或解答的设问, 引出自己观点, 适用于有争议性的话题.

Should/What ? Options of vary greatly , some , others

But in my opinion , . 应/什么 ?的选项差别很大，有些，有的但我认为， 。

Chapter 2 文章中间主体内容句型

六级考试作文（8）

基本原因 --- 分析某事物时, 用此句型说明其基本的或者多方面的原因.

Why ? For one For another 为什么 ?一件事另一

The answer to this problem involves many For one For Still another 对这个问题的答案涉及很多因素。一件事另还有一个

A number of factors , both physical and psychological affect /both individual and social contribute to 许多因素，包括身体和心理的影响 /个人和社会的贡献

另一原因 -------->在分析了基本原因之后, 再补充一个次要的或者更重要时用!

Another important factor is 另一个重要因素是

is also responsible for the 还负责更改/问题

Certainly , the is not the sole reason for 当然，是不是唯一的理由

后果影响 --------- 分析某事物可能造成的后果或者带来的影响 .

It will produce a profound/far-reaching effect/impact 这将会产生深远/深远的影响/对的影响

In involves some serious consequence for 在涉及一些严重的后果

比较对照句型

两者比较 比较两事物, 要说出其一超过另一个, 或肯定一事物的优点, 也肯定其缺点的时候用

The advantages gained from A are much greater than the advantages we gain from 的优势获得了从A，更远远低于我们的优势从B取得更大

Indeed, A carries much weight when compared with 事实上，进行大的比重较二

There is no doubt that it has its negative effects as well as positive 毫无疑问，它有它的消极影响以及积极的作用。

两者相同/相似 ------>比较两事物共同都有或者共同都没有的特点时用!

A and B have several thing in They are similar in A和B有几个共同的东西。它们是相似的

A bears some striking resemblance(s) to A和B有些惊人的相似之处。

六级考试作文（9）

结论性--------- 通过对文章前面的讨论 ,引出或重申文章的中心思想及观点 .

From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that 从什么上面已经讨论过，我们可以有把握地得出这样的结论

In summary/In a word , it is more valuable 总之/总之，这是更有价值

后果性------ 揭示所讨论的问题若不解决, 将产生的严重后果.

We must call for an immediate method , because the current phenomenon of , if allowed to proceed, will surely lead to the heavy cost of 我们必须呼吁立即方法，因为目前的现象如果允许进行，必将导致沉重代价

Obviously , if we ignore/are blind to the problem , there is every chance that will be put in 显然，如果我们忽略/是盲目的问题，但每一个机会将处于危险境地。

号召性 -------- 呼吁读者行动起来, 采取行动或提请注意.

It is time that we urged an immediate end to the undesirable tendency of 现在是我们立即结束对不良趋向的时间了

It is essential that effective measures should be taken to correct the 重要的是特尔巴格尔有效措施，应采取正确的趋势。

建议性 -------- 对所讨论的问题提出建议性的意见, 包括建议和具体的解决问题的方法.

While it cannot be solved immediately, still there are The most popular is Another method is Still another one is 虽然不能一下子解决，但仍然有一些方法。最流行的是另一种方法是还有另外一个是

Awareness/Recognition of the problem is the first step toward the 意识/问题的认识是对局面的第一步。

方向性的结尾方式其与建议性的唯一差别就是对问题解决提出总的, 大体的方向或者指明前景.

Many solutions are being offered here, all of them make some sense, but none is adequate The problem should be recognized in a wide 许多方案都被提供在这里，他们都作出了一些道理，但没有一个足够。这个问题应该承认，在一广阔的道路。

There is no quick method to the issue of , but might be 没有快速的方法的问题，但可能会有所帮助/有益的。

The great challenge today is There is much difficulty, but 今天的巨大挑战是有许多困难，但

意义性的结尾方式 -文章结尾的时候,从更高的更新的角度指出所讨论的问题的重要性以及其深远的意义!

Following these not guarantee the success, but the pay off might be worth the effort . It will not only benefit but also 以下这些建议，并不能保证成功，但回报可能是值得的努力。这不仅将造福，也有利于

In any case, whether it is positive or negative, one thing is certain that it will 在任何情况下，无论是正面还是负面，有一点可以肯定，它无疑会…

六级考试作文（10）

一、对题干中问题进行描述时：

1，Recently the issue of ______ has been brought into public focus.

例如：Recently the issue of Internet addiction has been brought into public focus.

最近，网络成瘾问题已经进入了公众视线/受到公众的关注

2，The issue whether it is good or not to _____ has aroused a heated discussion all over the country.

例如：The issue whether it’s good or not to have an oral test in English exam has aroused a heated discussion all over the country.

在英语考试中加入口试的利弊如何，在全国引发了热烈的讨论。

3，There is a growing tendency that ______

例如：There is a growing tendency that more and more people living in rural areas come to work in the city.

农民工进城打工的趋势一直在增长。

二、讨论不同观点时候：

1，At present, some people think _____ while others claim ______

现在，有些人认为_____, 但是其他人却觉得_______

2，When asked ______, some people think_____, while others prefer ____

在被问到_____的时候，有的人认为______, 但其他人觉得______

3，People rarely reach a consensus on such controversial issue.

人们很少会在这个具有争议性的问题上达成共识;

4，To this issue, different people come up with various attitudes.

对于这个问题，不同的人有不同的态度

三、提出自己的看法：

1，Although both sides of the argument have their strong points, I personally agree with the former view.

尽管论点双方都有强有力的观点，但是我个人同意前一种。

2，For my part, I agree with the later opinion for the following reasons:

从我的角度讲，我同意后者，有如下理由：

3，In my opinion/ From my point of view/ Personally speaking, _______

例如： In my opinion, there is little correlation between the circumstances of people’s lives and how happy they are.

在我看来，人们生活的环境和他们有多快乐的关系并不大。

四、得出结论时：

In conclusion/ To sum up/ In summary

例如：In conclusion, health is more important than wealth.

最后，健康比财富更重要。

From what has been discussed above, we may come to the conclusion______

例如：From what has been discussed above, we may come to the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages.

从上面讨论的内容，可以得出结论：自行车的好处远远超过它的弊端。

六级考试作文（11）

范文：

China has decided to end its decades-long one-child policy. All couples are allowed to have two children. This decision has aroused much chatter—whether it is high time that China should carry out the universal two-child policy or not. As far as I am concerned, this policy is in line with China’s domestic situations.

Speaking from a macro perspective, this policy is a timely adjustment to China’s changing situations. The aging population has been posing a threat to the sustainable and healthy development of China. This policy will optimize the demographic structure, increase the labor force, ease the pressure of aging population and ensure the sustainable and healthy development of the economy and society.

Speaking from a micro one, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance have jumped many times in just one generation, this policy will bring about many benefits to the family in the long run. In spite of the fact that child rearing is anything less than an easy task, the disadvantages, such as temporarily economic burden, seem to be pale compared with the benefits. The second child, at least, will accompany his or her sibling and in the future, they will share the responsibility to support and care for their old parents.

【参考译文】

中国政府决定终止实行长达数十年以来的计划生育政策。所有的夫妇都被允许生育二胎。这项政策一出台就引起了多方热议----中国真的到了全面放开二胎政策的时候了吗?我个人认为，这项政策符合中国国情。

从宏观的角度来讲，全面放开二胎政策是对不断变化着的中国国情做出的调整。人口老龄化已经对中国的健康可持续发展造成了威胁。全面放开二胎政策将会优化人口结构，增加劳动力，减轻人口老龄化带来的压力并确保经济和社会的可持续和健康发展。

从微观的角度来讲，随着父母一方出现身体虚弱状况的概率----在他(或她)身上需要体力和经济的支持----是上一代人的许多倍，全面放开二胎政策，从长远角度来看，将会给家庭带来诸多裨益。虽然养育孩子绝不是一件轻松的事情，但是多养育一个孩子所带来的弊端，比如，经济上暂时的拮据，是无法与其带来的益处相比较的。第二胎出生的孩子，至少会让他(或她)的哥哥或者姐姐感到不那么孤单;并且将来他们可以共同赡养他们年迈的父母。

【词汇部分】

decades-long长达数十年之久的

odds 几率

chatter 唠叨的话;喋喋不休

demographic 人口统计学的;人口统计的

macro 宏观的

optimize 使最优化;充分利用

micro 微观的

sibling 兄弟姐妹