写作讲解（1）
(1) 第一段的introduction：直接改写题目——句型主动改被动或是反之，单词可做稍微替换，虽然说改写比较简单，但是这一步骤缺一不可。一定要改写题目，一定不能照抄。
(2) 第二段的overview：图表中，你最先看到的，最最明显的特征，你这里可以做以下稍微的总结，因为怕你后面没时间进行总结，小作文的时间最多只有20分钟，要放在大作文后面写，很多时候大作文会占据大于40分钟的时间，那么你的小作文时间就会来不及，那么在这里你对于最最明显的特征进行总结，就算到后面没时间，也不会因为没有对图表特征进行总结而扣分。
(3) 第三段的details：图表所提供的信息就是需要你进行对比的。
对比分两种：纵向和横向。
纵向是跟自己比，比之前自己增长了，还是下降了;
横向比是跟别人比，跟比人比我是第一还是最后。
图表中的数据信息，你无需所有的数据都写在你的文中里，只需要特征明显的，比如位于首位，位于最后这种，还有就是一定要进行对比。
(4) 如果你前面的overview段有总结了，就无需再来个结尾段了，不过要是有时间，你也可以进行一句话的结尾。
写作讲解（2）
这边给大家展示我自己所积累的小作文用到的素材。大家每天都拿出来看一遍，写小作文的时候尽量用上去。
时期：from…to, between…and, over/ during the period from 1995 to 20XX=over/during the period of one decade
上升：go up, climb, grow, rise, increase, ascend, show an upward trend=show an increasing/rise trend
表明/揭示：show/reveal/indicate/reflect/present/describe/illustrate/demonstrate/compare/give information about + n
缓慢、逐渐：slow, slowly=gradually=steadily=consistently=step by step，contious
迅速：rapid， quick， swift，sudden， sharp， dramatic
小幅度：slight(ly)， modest(ly)， moderate(ly)， marginal(ly)
大幅度、明显：sharp，drastic, considerable, noticeable, marked, dramatic, significant, substantially,
下降：fall, go down, drop, decrease, decline, descend, dip, dipped, show a downward trend, plummet, plunge
波动：fluctuate， fluctuation，eg: rise with some fluctuation, go up and down=be unstable/flexible=be in instability/flexibility
保持平稳、不变：level out/off at + n=stabilize / hover at + n= reach a plateau at + n
Stay/keep/remain/maintain + stable/ unchanged/constant at+ n
大约：about，around， almost， nearly， roughly， approximately, just over/under…,… or so
达到最大值：reach the maximum=reach the peak/summit/culmination at + n=peak/summit/culminate at…=reach the highest point at
达到最小值： reach the minimum=reach/touch the bottom at…=bottom out at…=reach the lowest point at…
补充：according to = in accordance with= based in= in terms of =in the light of = in line with
Comparing…=compared with/to…=in comparison with…= different from…
While, whilst, whereas, yet
To conclude, in conclusion=to summarize, in summary=to sum up=all in all =overall
写作讲解（3）
小作文就最适合这种模式性的训练啦。
有了上面的框架，还有就是积累各种说明文的上升下降，巨变啥的表达。
去找那些老师们整理好的资源呗，不用自己准备了，你要做的就是直接拿来用。这是站在巨人肩膀上，哈哈。
我用的是9分达人的那个母题训练，在清楚写作骨骼的前提下，再来补充血肉和灵魂，哈哈。
然后积累范文里面的好句子。有了骨架，写作材料就是血和肉，你的主题思想就是写作思路就是你整篇文章的灵魂，三者缺一不可。
一定要练习哈!三天就可以来一次训练了，我很庆幸找到了一个一起奋斗的小烤鸭，我们互相监督，互相批改，严格的时间内完成，然后两个人进行讨论修改，再写，再改，就是这么一路走过来的。
也不要套模板吧，就是明白了写作模式，有了框架，再加上题目的写作思路，有了灵魂，再加上你的词句，有了血肉，其实就是你自己的模板。
这个时候你的小伙伴是很重要的，大家一起高歌欢唱，才会让自己走得更远。
写作讲解（4）
第一：宾语从句
Eg: Some people claim that government should be mainly responsible for the environmental 一些人认为政府应对环境污染负主要责任。
第二：状语从句
在托福写作当中运用的最多的是以下五种状语从句，即原因状语从句，让步状语从句，条件状语从句，时间状语从句和目的状语从句。
原因状语从句常由because, as, since和for引导。20XX年托福考试写作题型解读托福临考前复习，1月12日首场托福，Eg: Nonetheless, I am still in favor of space travel, for its merits far outweigh 尽管如此，我还是赞成太空探险，因为它的好处远远大于坏处。
让步状语从句常由although, though, even though/ if, as long as和not with standing引导Eg: Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any 尽管这一观点被广泛接受，很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。
条件状语从句常由if, on the condition that和providing that引导Eg: If you want to achieve something or intend to fulfill one of your ambitions, you must work hard, make efforts and get 假如你要取得成就或要实现你的雄心壮志，你必须努力工作、艰苦奋斗、准备好条件。
时间状语从句常由when和while引导Eg: When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime 说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。
目的状语从句常由so that和in order that引导Eg: Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in job 成千上万的人们不得不花费的精力和时间学习新的技术和知识，使得他们在就业市场能保持优势。
第三：同位语从句
Eg: It is cars and factories that release a great deal of gases, polluting the 汽车和工厂排放大量的废气，使得环境被污染。
第四：主语从句
Eg: What has caught our attention is /It is noticeable that the environment in both the rural and urban areas is 值得注意的是农村和城市的生态环境都在不断恶化。
第五：定语从句
最常用的一种句型之一。适当地运用定语从句可以给你的文章增色不少。例如，下面的这两个句子用上定语从句马上就变成了一个漂亮的复杂句。Bad books contain evil In them, there might be much description about violence, superstition, and 改变后：Bad books, in which there might be much description about violence, superstition, and sex, contain evil
第六：强调句
It is + 被强调的内容 + thatEg: It is cars and factories that release a great deal of gases, polluting the 汽车和工厂排放大量的废气，使得环境被污染
第七：倒装句
Eg: Only if the government will take some appropriate measures, will this intractable problem be 只有政府采取适当的措施，这个棘手的问题才能被解决。
第八：被动语态
Eg: Every means should be tried to protect the environment on which people 人们应竭尽全力来保护我们赖以生存的环境。
第九：分词结构
包括现在分词和过去分词。Eg: Tourism, which is a rising industry, has become the major source of economy, playing crucial role in many Asian 旅游业是一个新兴的行业，它成为经济的主要在很多东南亚国家起着尤为重要的作用。
第十：插入语
一种独立成分，与句子的其它成分一般没有语法上的关系。大都是对一句话作一些附加说明或解释。它通常由一个词、一个短语或一个句子构成位置较为灵活，可置于句首、句中或句末，一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。Eg: Computer, an indispensable part in our life, has brought us great 电脑，我们生活中必不可少的一部分，给我们带来了极大的方便。
写作讲解（5）
题目：A university recognized that first-year students have poor study It is believed that the best way to address this problem is to require all first-year students to take courses on study skills, while others don’t agree with this What is your opinion?
写作讲解（6）
Some people may think that requiring first-year college students to take courses to improve study skills is a waste of time, but I think it is a good way to ensure that students can cope with the college’s If the students do not have the needed skills already, teaching them as a class is the most efficient method to bring students to the correct level and allow the regular classes to progress at a faster
If students do not have the required study skills when they enter college, they probably are unable to learn those skills on their Students need to find appropriate resources for research, develop organizational skills to balance homework and test study time, and learn acceptable formats for writing papers and giving These are not naturally acquired As with any other subject, it is easiest to learn these things when they are presented in a clear, logical way by a trained If the skills are not taught, the student may not even know what is missing, so will never even think to find out on his or her
In addition to providing foundational skills, an introductory study skills class can highlight the special requirements of and opportunities available at the For example, my high school taught Chicago bibliography structure, and I thought I was ready for However, my college requires that all papers be written in APA I needed to learn the APA style, and a basic class would have been very In addition, my college has a fantastic computer resource lab with programs for making charts and graphs with complex I did not even know the lab existed during my first year, something I could have learned in an orientation study
The result of having all students take a study skills class is clear: regular classes can progress more The regular faculty does not have to waste time instructing on points such as APA format that should already be known to the The students will all be able to keep up because they are organized; class time is not wasted completing things that should already have been Students can finish projects using all the resources available rather than trying to solve a problem without the proper
Therefore, a college would be wise to require all first-year students to take a basic study skills The students can learn things they would not find out on their own, find out about resources at the college, and prepare for a smoother class
to bring students to the correct level 使学生达到标准水准
These are not naturally acquired 这不是自然习得的特征
as with X 正如X, 和X一样
foundational skill 基本技能
regular classes can progress more smoothly 普通课程可以进展地更顺利些
be able to keep up 能够跟得上
写作讲解（7）
Requiring all first-year students to take an introductory study skills class is a waste of time and money for both the college and the It is not fair to advanced students who have alreadyinvested the time and energy to acquire good study skills, so an alternative program should be
Although at first glance a study skills class may seem like a good idea, setting up such a course is a considerable investment for the If all incoming students are required to take the class, many teachers and classrooms must be available for the For the program to be successful, the teaching materials should be consistent, so someone needs to develop the course and train the teachers in the best way to deliver the This investment of time, space and money could be better spent
Not only is a special class expensive for the university, it is also expensive for the Every student can only take a few classes per term, so making one of them a study requirement means that the student has less opportunity to pursue specialized classes needed to succeed in the working world after This investment of time and money is particularly unfair if the student already has the study skills necessary to do In fact, such a requirement might even make more advanced students consider attending a different university because they do not want to pay for something they do not need, lowering the overall level of student at the
A better alternative to a study skills class would be to provide each incoming student with a handbook listing the resources available at the Students who need extra training could go to a study lab with tutors or go to listed internet websites or Students can learn at their own pace and take advantage of whatever resources they need; students who do not need help are not held back in any The tutors could be upper-level students who are on a work-study program, which would cost the university significantly less than paying full-time professorial stafffor a special
Requiring all freshmen to take a study skills class is a waste of time and money for the students and institution, so it would be better to offer alternatives that target the specific skills that individual students need to
invested the time and energy to do 投入时间和精力去做
an alternative program 备选方案
at first glance 乍一看
incoming students 即将入学的学生
the overall level of student 学生的整体水平
hold back 阻止,抑制
full-time professorial staff 全职教授级职员
写作讲解（8）
目前我市中考英语作文是一种“半开放性的命题作文”，概括起来，它含有四个方面的要求：内容、语言和形式及自己的观点。内容是按照题目的要求和指令去写，不得遗漏任何一个要求;不能随意发挥去写一些与主题无关的话。语言的要求是正确、恰当、清楚、连贯，要有至少两个复杂句。在形式上首先要体裁格式正确，单词的大小写正确、标点符号正确以及词数在100个词左右。自己的观点要符合题目要求，要与考生学习和生活实际相符。
中考英语作文是考查学生综合运用英语能力的一种重要形式，中考英语作文在中考英语试卷中占据20分，在中考英语中起着举足轻重的作用。作文质量的好与差，得分悬殊很大，将对考生中考总成绩带来很大影响。
中高考名师团成员
乐爱梅
扬州中学教育集团树人学校
写作2步思路、再加3步骤
思路：
审好题
仔细审查所给的内容提示(包括文字和图表等)，明确要求写的内容，确定文章的体裁、人称、时态等，理顺思路，确定主旨。
看要点，写片段
对于易于表达的内容，一次成句;对于一时难于表达的内容，写出词组。此时，既注意不遗漏内容要点，也不要随意添加任何内容。
步骤：
定句型，连词成句
这个环节是成文的关键，一定要注意做到：
(1)选用比较有把握的词汇，用恰当的句型写出确切反映内容要求的句子。在熟悉的基础上，鼓励多用高级词汇和结构复杂的复杂句。如表达“为了……”时，可用inorder to do 或 so as todo.也可用sothat引导目的状语从句。
(2)写出的句子要达意，完整，语法正确，合乎习惯，特别是句式、谓语动词形式要有根有据。
(3)表达限定的内容有困难时，就要想到“AllroadsleadtoRome.”这句话，用变通的方法，以达到“曲径通幽”。如要译“他表哥外强中干”这样一句话，表达起来似乎很难，但我们完全可以通过学过的东西将这句话明白贴切地表达出来：Hiscousinlooks strong but in fact,he is rather weak.
(4)尽量避免使用汉语式的英语。例如要表达“她睡得很迟”，不可写成：Shesleptvery late.应该写成：Shewent tobed verylate.因为“sleeplate”表示“睡懒觉”。又如要表达“他一点都不担心他的英语”，不可写成：Heisnot a little worried abouthisEnglish.实际上意思完全相反，表达成“他非常担心他的英语”了。应该是：Heisnot a bit worried about his English. 或：He isnotworried about his English at all.
连词成句，添减相宜
单句写出后，根据短文的内容要求，确定先写什么，后写什么，按照表述内容的情节发展和实际需要，重新排列组合已写成的句子，划分必要的段落，一般分成三段。
即：文章的开头(Introduction)、文章的主体(Mainbody)和文章的结尾(Conclusion).这样写成文章的初稿。在连词成句的过程中，还要注意以下几点：
(1)句子或段落间的连接不仅仅是个语言问题，也是个逻辑思维方面的问题，这两者是不能分开的。能注意到这一点，你的文章就能达到条理清楚、层次分明的境界。
(2)为了使句子或段落语义连贯，表达合理准确，可以适当加入一些连接词语。如表达转折可用but,however,otherwise等，表达递进可用and,also,besides,Whatsmore等，表达因果so,therefore,asaresult等，表达对比可用atthesametime,meanwhile，while等，表达让步可用though,although,evenif等。有时还需要加入一些必要的过渡句子以达到承上启下的效果。
(3)仔细推敲在文章的哪些地方可用复杂句。切忌生搬硬套，给人一种为了用复杂句而用复杂句的感觉。要用得自然、得体。要顺应行文的需要，与整个文章浑然一体。
尽量使用我们熟悉的宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句。
检查，修改，定稿，誊写
检查修改是进一步减少疏漏提高质量的最后程序，这时要对照题目要求，认真检查以下几点：
(1)内容有无遗漏或误词，最好一一对应检查。
(2)体裁格式对不对。
(3)句子是否有语法结构错误，特别要检查句子中的冠词、代词、名词复数、动词的时态、语态、主谓一致等方面是否有错误。
(4)句子是否合乎英语表达习惯，是否达意。
(5)书写字迹和标点符号是否规范清晰，词数是否基本上符合要求。经过认真修改润色的短文，即可认真工整地誊写在指定的卷面上。抄好后再速读一遍，力求完美。
经典题例
下面以扬中树人今年3月中考一模试卷的作文为例，谈谈写中考英语作文的具体步骤和应注意的事项。
原题介绍
目前，扬州正在创建(create)全国文明城市(NationalCivilizationCity)。作为一个中学生，我们在学校、在家里、在公共场合等等应该做到哪些才能称得上是一个文明的(civilized)人呢?我们又如何为这个活动作贡献(makecontributionto)呢?请你就此写一篇100字左右的短文。
Nowadays,________________________________________________________________
解题步骤
第一步：认真审题，明确写作体裁、提示要点、文章的时态、人称和词数。
分析：
这篇作文的体裁是倡议书。文章主要有5大提示要点，考生可以用笔将这些要点圈出来。1.扬州正在创建全国文明城市。2.作为一个中学生在学校怎么做才能称得上是一个文明的人?3.作为一个中学生在家怎么做?4.作为一个中学生在公共场所怎么做?5.我们又如何为这个活动作贡献呢?
这篇文章时态以一般现在时为主。人称用第一人称。词数100个左右。
第二步：分析提示要点,用简明的英语写出要点。
分析：五大提示要点只有第一要点是限定的，考生可以直接翻译。其余四大要点都是半限定的、半开放性的。考生需要根据文章主题的需要联系实际生活进行适当发挥。不同的考生会有不同的答案。这部分既是写作的重点也是难点。考生可用简明的英语写出要点。如:Atschool: keep the classroom clean and tidy. At home : helpparents dosome housework. In public places: obey the traffic rulesdont maketoo much noise . make a contribution to this event: giveoutleaflets to make people understand the importance ofthisactivity.
第三步：列出写作提纲，并将要点扩展成句。
开头(Introduction)：Yangzhouiscreating a National Civilization City. As middle schoolstudents,weshould try our best to become civilized persons.
正文(Mainbody):
At school, we should keep our classroom cleanandtidy every day. We shouldnt throw about rubbish.
At home, we should help our parents dosomehousework.
In public places, we shouldnt make much noiseinpublic places. We mustnt cross the road until the trafficlightsturn green.
We can make a contribution to this event bygivingout leaflets to the citizens to make them understand theimportanceof this event and take part in it.
结尾 (conclusion):Iam sure Yangzhou will become a National Civilization Citysoon.
第四步：组句成文。
分析：根据文章内容和要求，可以适当调整以上句子的先后顺序。为了使文章连贯自然，表达准确，适当加一些表达并列、递进、因果、转折等关系的连词，然后组成文章，这时如果发现文章词数不够，可把短语变成句子，也可增添一些与表达内容有关的短语或句子。如：表达“在家”,不用“athome”.而用“When we areathome.”如果发现文章词数超过要求，可以将句子变成短语或两句并一句。
第五步：计划时间，认真检查、修改。
分析：
中考英语作文一般要求在20分钟内完成。因此，考试时间有限，必须合理安排。成文后必须认真检查修改。特别注意以下几点：
1.内容是否符合要求，要点有无遗漏或误解。
2.句子是否符合英语习惯，句型是否正确。
3.是否有语法错误。特别是冠词、名词的复数、代词、主谓一致、时态、语态等方面。
4.是否有拼写错误。
5.书写是否有不清楚或不易辨认之处。
6.大小写和标点符号是否使用得当。
7.词数是否符合要求。
第六步：认真誊写。
分析：
注意书写清楚、规范，卷面整洁。中考20分作文，有两分卷面整洁分。
下面是修改过的作文:
Yangzhou is creating a National CivilizationCity.As middle school students, we should try our best tobecomecivilized persons.
First, when we are at school, we should keepourclassroom clean and tidy. And we shouldnt throw aboutrubbish.Second, we should help our parents do some housework athome.Third, we shouldnt make much noise in public places. Besides,wemustnt cross the road until the traffic lights turn green.Whatsmore, we can give out leaflets to the citizens in order tomakethem understand the importance of this event and take partinit.
If everyone makes a contribution to thisevent,Yangzhou will become a National Civilization City soon.