中考英语作文指导（1）
是记人叙事的，它主要是用于说明事件的时间、背景、起因、过程及结果，即我们通常所说的五个" W "，那么接下来给大家分享一些关于中考希望对大家有所帮助。
1. 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把的情节通过"我"来传达给读者，使人到真实可信，如身临其境。如：
The other day, I was driving along the street. Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast. I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side. But it was too late. The car hit my bike and I fell off it.
用第三人称叙述，优点在于叙述者不受"我"活动范围以内的人和事物的限制，而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者，直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前，文章的客观性很强。如：
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard. On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover. Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short. What could he do? Then he had a good idea.
2. 动词的时态
在记叙文中，记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高，且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的，这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化，正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3. 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙，都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作，较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种也容易使文章显得平铺直叙，读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果，让所叙之事跌宕起伏，使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃，从而为文章所吸引，深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当，则容易弄巧成拙，使文章结构散乱，头绪不清，让读者不知所云。
4. 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如：
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things. Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao. It is really a beautiful city. There are many places of interest to see. But what impressed me most was the sunrise.
The next morning I got up early. I was very happy because it was a fine day. By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red. In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing. The sun was very red, not shining. It rose slowly. At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball. At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright.
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5. 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述，可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态，使记叙生动、有趣，使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果：
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something. Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front. I thought maybe someone was knocking the door. I asked who it was but I heard no reply. After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor. I realized it was the cat. I felt released.
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字，但经作者这么一写，就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式，没有人物语言，把"悬念"给冲淡了。可作如下调整：
I was in the kitchen cooking something. "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front. Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply. After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor. "It's you." I said, quite released.
1. 头绪分明，脉络清楚
写好记叙文，首先要头绪分明，脉络清楚，明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析，弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程，然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个" W "和一个" H "有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些" W "和" H "，但动笔之前，围绕五个" W "和" H "进行构思是必不可少的。
2. 突出中心，详略得当
在文章的框架确定后，对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍，应该从表现文章主题的需要出发，分清主次，定好详略。要突出重点，详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节，略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化，使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题，也需要一定的技巧。如：
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children. They have not eaten for days." I took some food with me and went.
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger. There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger.
I gave the rice to the mother. She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice. When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors - they are hungry also!"
3. 用活语言，准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动，又要表现力强，这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动，其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文：
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away. He was soon lost among people and traffic. He could not find the way back home and started crying. Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying. They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened. Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived. The two students decided to take him home. Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound. She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it. She served them with tea but they left.
修改后：
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street. After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home. But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic. When he could not find the way home, he started and crying. Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop. They immediately went up to him.
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked.
"I want Mom, I go home." said the boy, still crying.
"Don't worry, we'll send you home."
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house. With the help of a policeman, they finally found it.
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house. Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea.
强化语言规范性
除了加强语法教学外，我们始终秉承市教研室要求的“三课型五环节”的授课模式，注重学生平时基础知识的积累，比如每天背诵五个句型好的，每天背诵一片经典的。通过背诵这些基本的句子和范文，增加学生的知识储备。这样学生在写作时就能有话说，就能胸中有物，写出好的作文。换句话说，就是让学生在学会创新之前先学会模仿语言。当然我们学校不是简单的背诵每日五句和作文范文，而是要求学生同时呈现在书写纸上，这样既避免了学生一说就会，一写就错的毛病，同时还强化了学生的书写能力。
强化书写能力
在训练方面，我们也做了大量的工作。例如，备课组统一印制了书写纸和书面表达作业纸，做到每天一练。通过日积月累，学生的书写规范性有了很大的提高，学生的作文得分也因此水涨船高，从而反过来又激发了学生练字的热情。此外，平时的单词听写我们不仅看学生写的是否正确，书写也是我们评判的一个标准。除了平时对书写的练习之外，备课组还专门组织了一系列的活动来激发学生的热情。在高二学年的时候，我们高二备课组组织了英语演讲比赛和英语书法大赛。给学生发奖品并大张旗鼓的表扬获奖学生，这些举措都对学生规范性的提高和激发学生学习英语的热情起了很大的作用。
中考英语作文指导（2）
常考主题的典型句子
1、 环保
1. It's our duty to protect our environment。
2. It is very important to take care of our environment
3. We should not throw litter onto the ground
4. We should not spit in a public place/ cut down the trees
5. We should plant more flowers and trees。
6. We must pick up some rubbish and throw it into a dustbin
7. If everyone makes contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful。
2、 旅游
1. Last Sunday(Saturday,…) ,it was sunny(rainy, windy, foggy,)
2. I got up very early (late). After breakfast I went to …with my friends by bike, bus，…
3. We enjoyed ourselves。
4. We forgot the time. We didn't come back until 5 o'clock。
5. We all felt very tired, but we were happy。
6. I thought I would never forget this trip。
7. Last summer, my parents and I went to Beijing for our holidays。
8. We visited a lot of places of interest。
9. We had a good time there。
10. We bought a lot of things. The clothes here are good and cheap。
3、 比赛
1. Last Sunday, Class One had a football match with Class Two。
2. All of us went to watch it。
3. The match was very exciting。
4. In fact, I have never seen such an exciting match before。
5. The score was 5-3. Our team scored three goals in the last fifteen minutes。
6. Class One won this match. Class Two lost。
7. Class One played well. They deserved to win。
8. Their PE teacher was very pleased with their performance。
4、 健康
1. It is very important to keep healthy。
2. How can we keep healthy?
3. We can't go to sleep too late. We can't get up too late。
4. We should eat the food healthily。
5. We should do more exercise。
6. Last Tuesday I got a cold and had a pain in my head。
7. I didn't feel like eating anything。
8. I decided to see the doctor。
9. In the doctor's office, the doctor looks over me carefully。
10. He said :"Nothing serious." And he told me to take a rest and drink more water。
11. A nurse gave me an injection. It was a little painful。
12. The doctor asked me to take the medicine three times a day。
13. A few days later, I felt better. From then on I believe that keeping healthy is the most important thing in the world。
5、 学科
1. My favorite subject is English。
2. More than three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English。
3. It is used by travelers and business people all over the world。
4. China has joined the WTO and the Olympic Games will be held in China. English becomes more and more useful。
5. So English is very important and I like English very much。
6. We have a lot of fun in the English class。
7. Our English teacher often makes us happy in the English class。
8. I hope I can go abroad one day, and then I can speak to foreigners in English。
9. I like English and try my best to learn it。
6、 节日
1. In China the most important holiday is the Spring Festival。
2. It comes in January or February。
3. On the Spring Festival Eve people have a big dinner. They have a lot of nice food to eat。
4. During the Spring Festival people have a lot of interesting things to do。
5. People visit their relatives and friends。
6. They greet each other with a hug and say, "Happy New Year"。
7. As China is a big country, people in different places celebrate this holiday in different ways。
7、 写人
1. His name is Jack。
2. He was born in London in 1982。
3. He is 1.68 meters tall and weighs 52 kilos。
4. He is 20 years old。
5. He comes from England。
6. He is a good ping-pong player。
7. He is medium build。
8. He has short hair。
9. He is outgoing. Every one likes to talk with him. He gets on well with us。
10. He teaches English very well。
11. He works very hard. He works in No.5 Middle School。
12. He loves watching football games after work。
13. He often helps me with my English。
14. At the age of six, he began to play table tennis。
8、 生活
1. Jim got up very early。
2. Jim cleaned the room and do the housework。
3. Jim went to shop and did some shopping。
4. Jim did some cooking。
5. Jim fed the cat。
6. Jim sweeps the floor。
7. He washes the dishes。
8. He has lunch at school。
9. It is a busy day. He is very tired. But he feels happy。
中考英语作文指导（3）
三、 命题作文训练
A. 写人
1、以" My Mother "为题，用英语写一篇短文。要点：
① 妈妈是护士，在县人民医院工作。 她工作努力，工作中严格要求自己，因此，她的同事们对他评价很高;
② 2003年参加抗击"非典"的战斗。为了保护我们免受"非典"的侵害，一个多月没回家。当时，我非常想念妈妈; ③ 我爱妈妈，并为妈妈而自豪。
参考词汇：县 county; 抗击fight against; 战斗battle; 非典 SARS;
My mother
My mother is a nurse. She works in the People's Hospital of our county. She works very hard. She is very strict with herself in the work. So her workmates speak highly of her.
In 2003 she took part in the battle to fight against "SARS". She was away from home for more than one month. So I missed her very much, but I knew she was trying her best to protect us from "SARS" and she was doing an important thing.
I love my mother very much, and I am very proud of having such a great mother. I should learn the spirit of working hard and being strict in the work from her. When I grow up, I would like to be a person like my mother.
2、根据材料写一篇关于运动员张怡宁的报道：
Name Zhang Yining sex girl City Beijing
Birth 1982.10.5 height 1.68m weight 52 kilos
Achieve -ments 六岁开始学习乒乓球， 在1999年45届世乒赛上(the 45th Table Tennis World Championships)显示非凡的实力，获得亚军。 在2004年的雅典奥运会(Athens Olympic Games)上夺得金牌。 在刚刚结束的国际世乒赛(ITTF)上夺得女子单打冠军，成为乒乓球领域中的顶尖。
I'd like to introduce a girl to you. Her name is Zhang Yining. She was born in Beijing in 1982. She is 1.68 meters tall and weighs 52 kilos. At the age of six, she began to play table tennis. In 1999, she won the second at the 45th Table Tennis World Championships. In the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, she won the first. And now she won the women's singles at the ITTF World Cup. She becomes the top of the table tennis field. We hope she will make greater progress in the future.
3、在初中三年的学习生活中，你一定交了不少好朋友，留下了许多美好的回忆。请以"My Best Friend Tom/Mary" 为题，写一篇100词左右的短文，介绍一位你最要好的朋友，男生姓名用Tom;女生姓名用Mary统一代替。
内容要求：1、他/她的外貌特征和个性特点; 2、你们一起经历的一件你印象特别深刻的事情。
注 意：严禁使用真实的校名和姓名
My Best Friend Tom
Tom is my best friend. He has short hair and wears a pair of glasses. He is shorter but a little bit stronger than I am. In my eyes, he is a clever and brave boy.
One day we went to school by bus together as usual. The bus was so crowded at the rush time. "Oh, my god! Where's my wallet?" A woman beside us cried suddenly. We thought there must be a thief around us, and we tried to help her but failed in the end. The next stop was coming and the woman became more worried. Just then Tom rushed to the driver quickly and told him what happened.
All the passengers were taken to the police station and the thief was caught. We were late for class that morning; however, we felt excited at that unusual experience.
B. 状物
1、以My hometown为题，介绍家乡的地理、气候、风景、人文和风俗习惯等。字数约80个。
My hometown is in Kunming. Kunming is the capital of Yunnan province. Kunming is also a very beautiful city. It is called the "City of Eternal Spring", because it has spring-like climate all the year round. The Crossbridge Rice Noodles are famous traditional food of Yunnan. There is a famous exposition centre in Kunming. It is in the northern suburbs of Kunming. The Exposition's theme is "Man and Nature -Marching into the 21st Century". And in Yunnan there are twenty-six nationalities. It is a big family. Welcome to my hometown.
2、以My family为题，介绍家庭基本情况，字数约80个。
3、我市刚建成一座图书馆，请根据信息，用英文简短介绍：
1、时间：竣工：2006年6 月; 开放：2006年7月
2、地址：在中山路，与科学博物馆相邻, 对面是公园。
3、馆内设施：
三层 会议室(22个座位) 电脑室(50台)
二层 卫生间 Room for storing Books (10万册)
一层 咨询台 阅览室 阅览室 Children's Home
A big library has been built for people in our city. It was finished in June, 2006. It will be open in July. The library is on Zhongshan Road, next to the Science Museum. On the other side of the road, there's a park. There are three floors in the library. On the first floor, there are two reading rooms, and there're many kinds of books in it. On the second floor, there is a washing room and a room for storing books. It has about 10,000 books. On the third floor, there's a big meeting room and a computer room. The computer room has fifty computers. Books are my best friends. We should love books. Because they give us knowledge and make us happy.
4、中国加入 WTO 后，有一大批外国人来我市--泉州参观。假设你是导游，请根据以下内容，向外宾简单介绍我市的情况。
要求： 1. 100 词左右; 2. 要点包括： a. 有悠久的历史，位于福建省的东部，离福州 198 公里，人口约 524 万。 b. 有许多名胜古迹，如清源山;东湖等等;东湖是一个很美丽的地方，湖水清澈，无污染;湖中有各种各样的.鱼;你可以到那里划船，野餐，钓鱼，是度假的好去处。你也可以去参观市博物馆，在那里你可以看到许多恐龙化石( fossil )。c. 祝大家在泉州玩得愉快。
Ladies and gentlemen,
Welcome to Quan Zhou, now let me introduce our city -Quan Zhou to you. Quan Zhou is a city with a long history. It is in the northeast of Guangdong and 198 kilometers away from Guangzhou. It has a population of 5,240,000.
There are many places of interest in Quan Zhou, such as Qingyuan Mountain, East Lake and so on. East Lake is a beautiful place. The water is clean and not polluted. There are all kinds of fish in it. You can go boating, go fishing and have a picnic there. It is really a good place to spend your holiday. Besides, you can go and visit Quan Zhou n Museum. There you can see a lot of dinosaur egg fossils.
I hope you can enjoy yourselves in Quan Zhou.
Thank you.
C. 记事
1、根据中文提示和英文提示词语，写一篇意思连贯、符合逻辑的短文。所给英文提示词语必须用上。字数60～70左右。
1、昨天晚上我和妈妈出去散步。 2、在路上我遇到了一个外国人。
3、他向我询问去温泉饭店(the Hot Spring Hotel)的路。
4、我告诉他沿着路往前走，在第三个转弯处向左拐就能看见饭店。
5、他非常感谢我，我也为能帮他而感到高兴。
提示词语：go out for a walk, on the road, the way to, walk along, on the left, thank for, be happy that
Yesterday evening, I went out for a walk with my mother. On the road, we met a foreigner. He asked me the way to the Hot Spring Hotel. I told him to walk along the road and take the third turning on the left, then he could see the hotel. He thanked me very much for my help. I was happy that I could help him.
D. 议论
1、同学们，看到下面的四幅图片及相应的报道后，你感到最担忧的是哪两种情形?请简述你担忧的理由并提出建议或希望。要求：
⒈ 从所给素材中任选两种情形进行阐述，不可多选或少选。
⒉ 条理清楚，意思连贯，语句通顺，标点正确;⒊ 词数 80 ～ 100。
参考词汇： 建议 suggest v. suggestion n.气体 gas n. 污染 pollution n.
THE POLLUTIONS
① One third of the world's people don't have enough clean water.
② More and more diseases are caused by polluted air.
③ People are disturbed quite often by kinds of noises.
④ Every person in our city makes about 1.8 kilos of rubbish every day.
The environment is becoming worse and worse. There a
中考英语作文指导（4）
英语作文高分技巧：
第一，提炼字词句
一篇作文是由单词和句子组成的。这是写作最基本的要素，就像万丈高楼需要一砖一瓦层层盖起来一样，如果砖瓦质量不好，那么这座高楼很快就会垮掉。同样的，如果基本的词句掌握不好，那么我们在写文章的时候就会感觉提笔无从下手，甚至连一个句子都很难写出。这就是因为头脑中没有“存货”造成的。因此，从现在开始，我们应该重视字词句的提炼，把我们学过的，见到过的甚至在新闻，广播，杂志，电影里见到的优美的、地道的词句提炼出来为我所用。一般来说，我们掌握了初中教材要求的大部分词汇以及考纲中全部词汇和词组，写出一篇合格的作文并不是难事，然而，面对如此激烈的竞争，仅仅是一篇合格的文章就够了吗?恐怕不是的。因此，掌握更多的优秀词句能让我们在写作中出彩。我们可以从作文素材中进行词句的提炼：
第一个资源，也是我们最容易忽视的资源，就是我们手中的教材。
教材文章难度适中，词汇丰富，是非常好的词库。也许有的同学不以为然，那么我们看这个句子：A比B要美得多。如果让你用英语写出这个句子，你能想到的句型有几个?在你想到的句型中，是不是转来转去就那么几句：A is more beautiful than B, 或者A is more beautiful when compared with B , 或者B is not as beautiful as A……这样的句型你会写，还有数万个和你一样的中学生也会写，但是如果你写出：Although A is beautiful, it pales when it is in comparison with B. (虽然A很美，但是与B相比便黯然失色了。) 这样的句子，效果会大不相同。
第二个资源，基于教材，我们可以向外发散，任何你读过的报英文刊杂志，比如《21st Century》《China Daily》等等，都是很好的资源，还有很多经典的英文电影，英文歌曲也都是丰富的词库，从中可以提炼出非常多的优美的词汇和句子，改造一下，就可以放到我们的文章中，为我们的作文增色不少。
第二，巧用过渡词
所谓过渡词，就是表示先后顺序的first, second,….at last，表示因果关系的as a result, due to, because of…，表示分述关系的what’s more, furthermore, besides, in addition等等。为什么要使用这样的词汇?原因有二：其一，我们每个人写的文章虽然内容几乎千篇一律，但是每个人的写作风格和逻辑思路不尽相同。怎样在短时间内让阅卷老师进入自己的逻辑体系，快速而精准的判断你的文章呢?过渡词就是一个很好的“向导”，它能够引导阅卷人的思路，让其短时间内对你的文章做出公允的评价;其二，我们列好提纲准备下笔的时候，总有一个先后顺序，总有一个逻辑结构，如何使自己的文章结构清晰，要点明确，中心突出，答案还是过渡词，使用了过渡词，可以规范自己的逻辑思路，让我们在有压力的写作之下能够做到临危不乱，有条不紊，层次清晰，逻辑通畅。
第三，句式多变
如果一百份试卷里都是清一色的“I think”简单句，那阅卷人读起来将会多么的乏味，乏味至极的阅卷人又如何能给得出高分?所以，我们在写句子的时候，要尽可能的变换句式和结构，让文章富于变化，错落有致。具体地说：中考作文中，我们可以尝试使用更多的复合句，主要是宾语从句，状语从句以及尝试变化语态。例如，08年中考北京卷作文题，以汶川地震为背景描写一个叫做林浩的小英雄的故事以及自身感受。其中有一句细节描写叫做“他救出了自己的同学并步行七小时到达安全地点。”例文给出的句子是“…he saved two of his classmates. Then he walked for seven hours to safety.” 这句话我们可以改写成为一个从句：saving two of his classmates, Lin Hao walked for seven hours to safety.如果再加上语态的变换，还可以改写成：Being saved from the earthquake, two of Lin Hao’s classmates walked for seven hours to safety with Lin Hao. 这样的变化在作文中能够主动使用的话，一定会增加阅卷人的青睐，从而给你的文章增加获胜的筹码。
第四，善用名人名言
在中考作文中，很少有同学能主动写出名人名言为自己的文章画龙点睛。名人名言是精炼浓缩的，富有哲理和智慧的句子，经过数百年人们口耳相传到了今天，足以说明它的凝练和它的魅力。如果在文章中能成功使用合适的名人名言，那将会是怎样一番景象，其实不难想象。比如你在一篇讨论中学生该不该使用手机的文章中用了“Just as the saying goes, ‘every coin has two sides.’”，那效果就相当于一个美国人在汉语水平考试作文里写出了“中国人有句古话叫‘福兮祸之所倚，祸兮福之所伏’”一样的震撼!因此，学会使用名人名言，将会使我们的文章大放异彩。当然了，使用名人名言的前提是我们得记得住一定数量的名言。很多同学在写作的时候没有办法写出漂亮的名言来衬托，这一是因为自己平时积累不够，写不出合适的名人名言，第二是对名人名言没有形成条件反射，联想不到。大家在接下来的文章中不妨可以尝试一下，看看效果如何。
中考英语作文指导（5）
一、出通知的单位及时间
发出通知的人或单位的名称，一般写在标志的上方或在正文后面的右下角;发出通知的时间要写在正文的左下角，也可按书信格式写正文的右上角。不过，这两项有时可以省略。口头通知不说这两项。
二、通知的正文
正文要写明所做事情的具体时间、地点、概括性内容(多为书面通知的首句)、出席对象及有关注意事项。布置工作的通知要把工作内容和要求写清楚。正文一般可采用文章式，为了醒目也可采用广告式。广告式要求简明扼要，一个句子可以写成几行，且尽量写在中间，各行的第一个字母一般都大写。
三、通知的对象
被通知的单位或人一般用第三人称;但如果带有称呼语，则用第二人称表示被通知的对象，口头通知就常用第二人称表示被通知的对象。涉及要求或注意事项时，也常用第二人称表示被通知的对象(祈使句中常常省略)。
四、通知的文体
书面通知用词贴切，语句简洁，具有书面化;口头通知用词表达要注重口语化。口头通知的开头往往有称呼语(被通知的对象)，如：“Boys and girls”，“Ladies and gentlemen”，“Comrades and friends”等，或用提醒听众注意的语句，如“Attention,please!”“Your attention,please!”“May I have your attention,please?”等，且最好有结束语，如：“Thank you(for listening)”以示礼貌。
通知是上级对下级、组织对成员或平行单位之间部署工作、传达事情或召开会议等所使用的应用文。通知的写法有两种，一种是以布告形式贴出，把事情通知有关人员，如学生、观众等，通常不用称呼;另一种是以书信的形式，发给有关人员，次种通知写作形式同普通书信，只要写明通知的具体内容即可。通知要求言简意赅、措辞得当、时间及时。
例一：布告形式的通知：通常此类通知上方正中写Notice或NOTICE(通知)，发出通知的的单位的具体名称可放在正文前，也可放在正文后，右下角处，发出通知的日期写在左下角处。例如：
NOTICE
All professors and associate professors are requested to meet in the college conference room on Saturday, August 18, at 2:00 p. m. to discuss questions of international academic exchanges.
May. 14, 20xx
例二：校园通知
假设你叫高迪，是高一(2)班的学生。你在10月16日晚上把一本《牛津高级英汉双解字典》丢在阅览室里，用英语写一则寻物启事，贴在餐厅前的留言板上，请捡到者交给你或你班班长。启事时间：10月17日
Lost
October 17th
On the evening of October 16th,I left my Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictienary in the reading-room.It is new.Will the finder please send it to me in Class Two,senior Grade One or to our monitor?Thank you very much.
Gao Di
(Loser)
中考英语作文指导（6）
一、写作决窍
总体把握，要点齐全;人称时态，逻辑清楚;
关键词汇，动词第一;组词成句，结构完整;
组句成文，连词增色;此路不通，绕道迂回;
字迹工整，留好印象;从句适量，高分有望。
二、写作步骤
1.认真审题。审题包括要点、格式、词数以及此篇文章要传递给读者什么样的信息，告诫读者什么(即写作目的)。
2.确定文体和时态。确定文体后，根据不同文体的特点和要求进行组织材料;同时确定出该篇文章的总时态与时态的变化。
3.写完要点，但不随意发挥。
4.先草稿，后抄写。
三、作文案例
[20xx年全国中学生英语能力竞赛初赛初三组] (14分)
Choose one of your hobbies and write an article for the school magazine about it. Tell the magazine readers.
·What exactly your hobby is;
·When and how you became interested in this hobby;
·Why you enjoy your hobby;
·About your hopes and plans for the future.
写作要求：
1.根据所提供的内容，适当拓展想象空间，灵活地将提供的信息体现在文章中。
2.条理清楚，语句通顺，书写清晰、规范。
3.词数60-80.
[学生解答A]
My hobby is read books①.When I was seven years old.I became interested in reading books.I like needing books because there are a lot of useful things in books.I can learn a lot of knowledge from books. Books also② can teach me how to be a good person.Books even can solve many problems for me.I will read more good books to improve myself.
①改为reading books，动词作表语时应该用动名词。
②also的位置应放在can之后。
[点评]：档次9-11分。
①要点不全，漏掉最后一个要点。
②句子基本无误，能正确传递信息给读者但文章不流畅，句子与句子之间过渡不自然，给读者感觉在回答上述问题。
③有少量错误。
[学生解答B]
My hobby is reading.Reading books is very enjoyable.When I was young ,my mother used to tell me a story before.I went to bed every night.The stories were so interesting that I always felt they weren’t enough.So I began to read books by myself.Little by little I became interested in reading.I can learn much knowledge and many interesting things all over the world.When I read books,I can enjoy the beautiful sentences.At the same time I can improvemy writing.I want to be a writer in the future,so I must study hard and read more books so that my dream can come true.
①开门见山、点题。
②真情流露，理由充分。
③文中带圈的连词使用得恰当，使文章过渡自然、
④巧妙使用句型以表决心。
[点评]：档次13-14分。
①清楚表达写作目的，要点齐全。
②语言表达灵活多样，字里行间流露出真情实感，文章有感染力。
③恰当使用连词和从句，语言流畅，且无错误，是一篇高质量的作文。
[高分突破]
①文体：记叙文。
②要点：what → when →how → why → hope and plan for the future.
③时态：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时的自然变化。
内容具有开放性，但它也是“控制性”的写作试题，因此不能随意发挥，要善于抓信息，写完要点。选用这两篇学生真实习作，一是因为他们选材相同，二是因为他们都是英语成绩优秀的同学。同学B灵活使用连词so…that,so,little by little,when,so that等，恰到好处地使用新句型和短语used to,became interested in,come true……等，使内容丰富，读起来优美流畅。其实这些表达同学A也会，只是缺乏技术加工。通过这两篇作文点评，同学们便能悟出其中的奥妙。
四、培养途径
1.根据老师布置的写作内容，独立完成一篇写作。
2.与同伴合作，交流自己的写作，通过交流找出各自作文中写得好的地方和优美的句子，合作创造一篇新的文章，供大家欣赏。
3.找老师点评，请求老师指点，尤其是怎样润色。
4.自己纠错，写下反思。
五、备考演练
A
缙云山是重庆著名的游览胜地，每天有大量的游客。请你根据下面提供的信息写一篇报道，说明现在的游客在环境保护方面的变化。
写作要求：
1.词数在100左右。
2.条理清楚，语句通顺。
3.开头已写好，但不计入总词数。
Jinyun Mountain is a famous place of interest …
B
阅读电视广告词：“If we don’t save water,the last drop of water will be a tear-drop.”根据提示，写一篇60-80词的短文。
提示：
1.生活离不开水。
2.可饮用水在减少。
3.水污染严重。
4.应保护水源，再利用水。
思路点拨与参考答案
①文体：记叙文。
②时态：一般过去时态，一般现在时态。采用正反对比的写作手法，增加感染力。
③写作目的：告诉读者保护环境的重要性。
Jinyun Mountain is a famous place of interest.Every day a lot of tourists come here to enjoy its beauty. But a few years ago,some of them paid no attention to protecting theenvironment.They threw their rubbish,such as plastic bags,fruit skins and waste paper on the ground.Sometimes they broke trees,picked flowers and killed birds. Some even made fires in the woods to cook food.How dangerous it was.Luckily,great changes have taken place here.Tourists are used to putting their rubbish into dustbins,and they are doing their best to protect the birds and plants as well.They bring their own meals instead of cooking to preventstarting a forest fire in the mountains.All these changes make us very happy.
B. [思路点拨]：
①夹叙夹议(说明现状，谈谈感想)。
②时态：一般现在时态。
③广告词的含义——水很重要，应保护和再利用(写作意图)。
Water is very important to humans.We can’t live without water.The water we can drink is falling.But some people don’t seem to care about it.They waste a lot of water.They pour dirtywater into rivers and lakes.Water pollution is getting more and more serious.So we must do something to stop the pollution.We not only protect the water but also find ways to reuse it.If we don’t do this,the last drop of water will be a tear-drop.
中考英语作文指导（7）
审题好比驾驶员打方向，方向对了，哪怕开得慢点，也会顺利到目的地。如果审题不清，书面表达的成绩不知道会有多惨。学生真正开始写作前，必须花相当一部分时间做写前阅读、思考等准备，包含以下四方面：
1)审体裁。根据情景提示首先要弄清写何种体裁文章。
2)审结构。明确开始部分、正文部分和结尾部分，定好段落。
3)审格式。如日记、便条、书信、通知的格式等。
4)审内容。弄清什么必需写，哪些略写，尤其是图画式书面表达，要学会连贯性，读懂图的意思。
5)审人称和时态。弄清书面表达要求用何种人称，根据材料确定短文的基本时态。
第二招：衔接流畅
恰当使用逻辑词语，使各要点间连贯，行文通顺。
表并列或递进: and, both…and...,neither…nor, not only…but also...;
表选择: or, either…or;
表转折或让步: but,although, though, however, even though, in spite of, on the contrary;
表对比: like, unlike, while;
表举例: for example, such as, that\'s to say;
表强调: in fact, of course, besides;
表时间顺序: when, after, before,as soon as, soon，after;
表因果关系: because, since, as, for, for this reason，as a result;
表结论: in a word, to sum up,in summary, in conclusion, on the whole.
第三招：短语地道
如果能多用短语，则可回避书面表达中的中式英语，同时也能减少错误几率。尤其在考试时，如果使用短语，会使文章增加亮点。
第四招：句式丰富
一篇可读性强的文章，通常能较好体现学生对英语语言结构、词块、句式的运用。因此各类句式的多元呈现往往可以提升书面表达的成绩。
初中阶段英语写作常用的句式如下：There be…;the more…the more…;It’s adj for sb to do something;I think/believe/suppose…(宾从); It can’t be put into realexperiment.(被动)等。
尤其是复合句的适恰运用对提升文章的层次很有帮助。对大多数同学来说，仿写很重要，在教材和很多的阅读书籍中都蕴含着丰富的好词佳句。
第五招：情感真实
同样的话题，有些文章没什么情感，冷冰冰;有些文章很有温度，有真情实感。
情感真实主要可通过如下方法实现：
1)内容的呈现。
比如：在书面表达My dream 中，大部分的作文都还是停留在表面上。但这个例子：I want to be a good father because my daddy was always so busy when I was a little boy.He had no time with me and my mum…虽然文章的文采并不是很好，但很有真情实感，令读者有心动的感觉，也是好文章。
2)副词的运用。
在句子的某些位置，添加副词，可以使句子和文段更有人性味，更有情感性。如：I really enjoy the beauty of the sea in thesun. 加了一个really，就有丰富了。
第六招：思维多元
从近五年中考书面表达命题情况看，书面表达话题虽多元，但在设题上基本为半开放形式，因此半控制部分学生需要涵盖题目所给信息并进行适当发挥，而半开放部分，则要求学生根据话题内容、自己的生活阅历、个人思维层次结合自己的英语表述自己的个人看法。
有些学生的英语水平比较好，但因为在思维上比较局限想不出比较有深度、宽度和广度的观点，这也会在一定程度上约束书面表达的质量。
第七招：整理独到
进入八年级以来，在平时写作、单元练习、期中期末考试中，考生已积累了一定量与教材同话题的自己写的英语小短文。建议在临考前的最后阶段把自己八年级以来写的不同话题的文章进行修改，润色、整理、汇编成册，制作一本个性化私人定制的“书面表达秘籍”，以备中考前高效复习用，以不变应万变。
第八招：卷面美观
1)不做涂改。
需要在平时的书面表达中养成简列提纲、打草稿，再誊抄到答题卡的习惯。
2)及时补救。
如果对答题卡上的书面表达有修改，建议用斜线划掉相应部分。
3)勤练规范。
临考前一个月，以中考答题卡的行距和长度为参照，设计自己字的大小，字的间距，每行的字数，以看起来舒服为准。
中考英语作文指导（8）
一：先看一下扣分点：
1.内容方面：要点缺失，可酌情扣分。比如中考作文“I want to do something for my school”，若没有写一件具体的事情，是要扣3分以上的;若写的事情太过于虚幻，没有实际内容，也会扣1-2分。
2.字数：少于60字的作文要酌情扣分。
中考英语作文要求60字以上，标点符号不算，少了就要扣分。但是60字的作文能不能得高分?从我们拿到的实例作文来看，16分以上的作文，没有少于75字的，甚至少于80字的也少之又少。当然，也极少有超过100字的，因为中考试卷的短线格一共80个，在格子下面大约还有2行的空间，可以加20字左右，再多阅卷人就很难看清了，也会影响卷面的美观。所以，同学们如果想让作文得到高分，最好是让字数在75-100字之间。
3. 语法和拼写错误：每个扣0.5，重复错误不计;
4. 标点错误：每4个扣0.5.
二：加分点
除了这些扣分点，还有一些得分点：比如说作文的组织结构分，就是根据学生使用复杂句型、单词和谚语、俗语的情况来加分。
只要文章中有1个亮点，基本就可以争取到1分(3分的文采分是很难全部拿到的)。而这1分的亮点，是可以提前准备的。例如，有一些“万金油”式的复杂句型，例如强调句型、only相关的倒装句等，只要同学们多操练几次，几乎是一定能用到作文当中，从而为自己争取到这1分。
其次就是卷面分
很多家和同学，尤其是部分书法并不是十分整洁的同学，都会关心是否真的有“卷面分”的存在。虽然在阅卷标准里面并没有卷面分这一项，但是这个分数却真切地反映在了同学们的分数里面。
据阅卷老师的经验，在阅卷的时候并不是按这3个部分逐项打分的，而是在第一遍读完全文之后，心里已经形成了一个“印象分”，然后再细读第二、三遍，把印象分分配到各个打分部分。因此，这个“印象分”就非常重要，而同学们的书法，也正是在这个环节，影响到了自己的分数。所以初三的考生，如果书法不好，一定要注意。所谓的书法并不需要写的很漂亮，符合3个简单的标准即可：没有斜体、没有连笔、涂改较少。