community（1）

Clearly if we are to participate in the society in which we live we must communicate with other people.
很明显，我们要参与我们所生活的这个社会，我们就必须与其他人进行交流。
A great deal of communicating is performed on a person-to-person basis by the simple means of speech.
大量的交流是在个人与个人的基础上通过简单的说话方式进行的。
If we travel in buses, buy things in shops, or eat in restaurants, we are likely to have conversations where we give information or opinions, receive news or comment, and very likely have our views challenged by other members of society.
当我们乘车旅行，在商店购物或者是到饭店吃饭时，我们很可能与别人说话，在这个过程中，我们会提供信息，发表意见，接受一些消息或评价，而且我们的观点也极有可能会受到其他社会成员的挑战。
Face-to-face contact is by no means the only form of communication and during the last two hundred years the art of mass communication has become one of the dominating factors of contemporary society.
面对面的接触绝不是唯一的交流方式。在过去的200年里，大众传媒艺术已成为当代社会的主导方面之一。
Two things, above others, have caused the enormous growth of the communication industry.
其中有两样最重要的东西带动了通信工业的迅速发展:
Firstly, inventiveness has led to advances in printing, telecommunications, photography, radio and television.
首先，各种各样的发明是的印刷，通讯，图片，广播以及电视等不同行业有很大的发展；
Secondly, speed has revolutionized the transmission and reception of communications so that local news often takes a back seat to national news, which itself is often almost eclipsed by international news.
其次，速度的变化使得信息的传播与接收发生了革命性的变化，这使得地方新闻与国内新闻相比常常处于下风，而国际新闻常常使国内新闻黯然失色。
No longer is the possession of information confined to a privileged minority.
信息已不再仅仅是被那些享有特权的少数人独占。
In the last century the wealthy man with his own library was indeed fortunate, but today there are public libraries.
在上个世纪，那些拥有私人图书馆的富人的确是幸运的，但是如今有了公共图书馆。
Forty years ago people used to flock to the cinema, but now far more people sit at home and turn on the TV to watch a program that is being channeled into millions of homes.
40年前，人们会成群结队地去电影院看电影，但如今更多的人坐在家里打开电视机去看那些通过各种频道传播到千家万户的电视节目。
Communication is no longer merely concerned with the transmission of information.
交流已不再仅仅与信息的传播有关。
The modern communication industry influences the way people live in society and broadens their horizons by allowing access to information, education and entertainment.
现代通信工业使人们有更多的途径获取信息，教育，娱乐，从而影响了社会中人们的生存方式，拓宽了人们的视野。
The printing, broadcasting and advertising industries are all involved with informing, educating and entertaining.
印刷业，广播业以及广告业都与信息，教育，娱乐有关。
Although a great deal of the material communicated by the mass media is very valuable to the individual and to the society of which he is a part, the vast modern network of communications is open to abuse.
尽管很多通过大众媒介传播的东西，对我们个人和我们都是其中一分子的社会是十分有价值的，但现代偌大的信息通讯网络还是容易被人滥用。
However, the mass media are with us for better, for worse, and there is no turning back.
但不管大众传媒是好是坏，它都将和我们在一起，这种趋势是不可逆转的。

community（2）

With the rapid development of science and technology, communication methods of people have changed a lot. In the long history of the past, people communicated with people who were far from them only by letters, which took a very long time to get the message. In the late 19thcentury, telephone was invented, but it was not widely used. Letter is still the main method. Later, telegraph came into being and was popular, which was much faster than letter, bringing great convenience to people. As time goes by, telephones become increasingly widely used. Now, the phones has been developed as mobile phone, fixed telephone, Internet telephone and other categories, being an essential communication tools in modern information society. In addition, network communication is popular as well. A great number of people communicate with others on the Internet, such as the chat room, bbs, MSN and so on. People can make video calls that not only can hear the sound, but also can see the people you talk to. In short, there are various communication methods in modern world, which bring great convenience to people.

随着科学技术的快速发展，人们的通讯方式发生了很大改变。在过去的历史长河中，人们只能通过书信与远方的朋友沟通，要过很长一段时间才能收到消息。十九世纪末期发明了电话，大事并没有广泛地使用，信件仍然是主要的通讯方式。后来，电报问世了并且很受欢迎，它比信件快得多，给人们带来了很大的方便。随着时间的流逝，电话越来越被广泛使用。如今，电话已经发展成移动电话、固定电话、网络电话和其他种类，成为了现代信息社会必不可少的通讯工具。此外，网络通讯业很受欢迎。很多人通过网上聊天室、bbs、MSN等与他人沟通。人们可以进行视频通话，不仅可以听到声音而且可以看到和你通话的人。简而言之，现代世界有各种各样的通讯方式，给人们带来了巨大的方便。

community（3）

Due to the wide use of computers and the development of Internet, more and more people like to chat on the Internet. We tend to pay more attention to Internet communication than to face-to-face contact.

As Internet communication is not limited by space, we can chat with others where there is Internet with our tools such as computers, mobile phones and pads. However, when we chat with others online, we cannot express our feelings fully. Just as the picture shows, the parents cannot touch or hug their child. We know that body language plays an important role in our communication, but the Internet communication cannot do this. For example, when we are sad, we need more love and warmth, a real hug from our parents or friends can mean much more to us than just words through Internet communication.

Therefore, though Internet communication brings convenience to our life, I still don't think the Internet communication can replace face-to-face contact.

community（4）

In the last century, the government carried out the policy of family planning to control the increasing population. So most families have only one child, but recently, a new policy has been announced and people can have the second child. It sounds like the good news for the family, as the only child can have a sibling to company. While for some parents, they seem to be not the qualified parents. A boy complained that his parents’ second child was the smart phone, because they lowed down their heads all the time. Many parents did not realize the lack of communication with their children. If they want another child, they’d better learn to communicate their kids first.
上个世纪，政府开展计划生育政策来控制人口增长。所以大多数家庭只有一个孩子，但最近，一项新政策得以公布，人们可以生育两个孩子。这对家庭来说似乎是好消息，独生子女可以有兄弟姐妹的陪伴。而对一些家长来说，他们却似乎是不合格的父母。一个男孩抱怨他父母的第二个孩子就是智能手机，因为他们总是在低头玩手机。许多家长没有意识到他们与他们的孩子缺乏沟通。如果他们想要另一个孩子，最好先学会与自己的孩子沟通。

community（5）

Recently, it has been reported that a boyargued with his father and then he left home and the policed found him, taking him home after half a month. It sounds so ridiculous for the boy to leave home for such a long time, but thinking further, the lack of communication between the father and the son makes this joke. There always some people wonder why we need to get higher education, becausewe may notearn money as much as the workers. In my opinion, the purpose of education is not for the money, but for the better person we will become. If the father knows how to communicate with his son and his son is considerate, then things wouldn’t become so bad. We need receive education and become the wise person, so we can communicate better and create a harmonious environment.
最近，据报道，一个男孩与他的父亲吵架，然后他离开家，半个月后警察发现了他,带他回家。一个男孩离家出走那么久，听起来就很荒谬，但进一步想想，父亲和儿子之间是因为缺乏沟通才闹出了这个笑话。总是有一些人会疑惑我们为什么要接受高等教育，因为接受教育的人所赚的钱却是不一定比得上工人。在我看来，教育的目的不是为了钱，而是使我们成为更好的人。如果父亲知道如何与他的儿子沟通，他的儿子也能够体谅父亲，这个事情就不会变得那么糟糕。我们需要接受教育，成为明智的人，这样我们就可以更好地进行交流，创造一个和谐的环境。

community（6）

the increase in international business and in foreign investment has created a need for eecutives with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication. americans, however, have not been well trained in either area and, consequently, have not enjoyed the same level of success in negotiation in an international arena as have their foreign counterparts.

negotiating is the process of communicating back and forth for the purpose of reaching an agreement. it involves persuasion and compromise, but in order to participate in either one, the negotiators must understand the ways in which people are persuaded and how compromise is reached within the culture of the negotiation.

in many international business negotiations abroad, americans are perceived as wealthy and impersonal. it often appears to the foreign negotiator that the american represents a large multi-million-dollar corporation that can afford to pay the price without bargaining further. the american negotiators role becomes that of an impersonal purveyor of information and cash.

in studies of american negotiators abroad, several traits have been identified that may serve to confirm this stereotypical perception, while undermining the negotiators position. two traits in particular that cause cross-cultural misunderstanding are directness and impatience on the part of the american negotiator. furthermore, american negotiators often insist on realizing short-term goals. foreign negotiators, on the other hand, may value the relationship established between negotiators and may be willing to invest time in it for long-term benefits. in order to solidify the relationship, they may opt for indirect interactions without regard for the time involved in getting to know the other negotiator.