高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理

高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理本文简介：高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理1高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理2第一类3第二类4第三类5第四类6wish和asif引导的虚拟7注意事项：高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理-高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理概述英语的动词有三种语气形式，即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用来说明事实或就事实提出询问，可用于陈述句、疑问

高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理本文内容：

高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理

1

高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理

2

第一类

3

第二类

4

第三类

5

第四类

6

wish和as

if引导的虚拟

7

注意事项：

高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理

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高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理

概述

英语的动词有三种语气形式，即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用来说明事实或就事实提出询问，可用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中；祈使语气用于表示请求、命令、建议或警告等。

虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达假设、主观愿望、猜测、建议、可能或空想等非真实情况。如：

He

is

honest.

他很诚实。

（陈述语气）

Don‘t

be

late

next

time.

下次别迟到。

（祈使语气）

If

I

were

you

，I

would

not

go.

我要是你，我就不会去。

（虚拟语气）

I

wish

I

had

a

lot

of

money.

要是我有很多很多钱就好了。

（虚拟语气）

高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理

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第一类

虚拟语气在条件句中的用法：

条件句有真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，此时主句不用虚拟语气；而虚拟条件句则表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生，此时用虚拟语气。如：

If

I

have

time，I

will

go.

假若我有时间，我就去。

（陈述语气）

If

I

were

you，I

would

go.

假若我是你，我就去。

（虚拟语气

）

时态类型

主句谓语形式

条件句的谓语形式

例句

与现在事实相反

would/should/could/might+

V原

动词过去式

didbe

多用were

1.

If

I

were

you,I

should

study

English.

2.

I

would

certainly

go

if

I

had

time.

与过去事实相反

would/should/could/might

+

have

done

动词过去完成式

had

done

1.

If

you

had

taken

my

advice,you

would

not

have

failed

in

the

test.

2.

If

I

had

left

a

little

earlier,I

would

have

caught

the

train.

与将来事实相反

would/should/could/might

+

V原

①动词过去式

②should

+V原

③were

+

to

do

1.If

you

came

tomorrow,we

would

have

the

meeting.

①

2.

If

it

were

to

rain

tomorrow,the

meeting

would

be

put

off.③规律总结：从句都往过去推一个时态，如：与现在相反的if从句就用过去时；与过去相反用过去完成时（即过去的过去）

注：特别说明

1、l

would/should/could/might主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后；would表示结果还表示过去经常常常做某事，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性。比较：

If

you

tried

again

，you

would

succeed.

要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。

(would表结果)

If

you

tried

again，

you

might

succeed.

要是你再试一试，你可能会成功的。

(might表可能)

If

you

tried

again

，you

could

succeed.

要是你再试一试，你就能成功了。(could表能力)

2、错综时间虚拟条件句

即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整：

If

it

had

rained

last

night,the

ground

would

be

wet

now.

要是昨晚下过雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。

You

would

be

much

better

now

if

you

had

taken

my

advice.

假若你当时听我的话，你现在就会好多了。

3、If虚拟条件句的否定（含蓄条件句）

常考两个句型：If

it

weren’t

for…和If

it

hadn’t

been

for…，其意为“若不是(有)”

“要不是”。如：

If

it

weren’t

for

water,no

plant

could

grow.

要是没有水植物就无法生长。

If

it

hadn’t

been

for

your

assistance

，we

wouldn’t

have

succeeded.

=But

for

your

assistance

，we

wouldn’t

have

succeeded.

=Without

your

assistance

，we

wouldn’t

have

succeeded.

4、If虚拟条件句的倒装形式，即把were,had,should置于句首。例：

Were

I

in

school

again

(=

If

I

were

in

school

again),I

would

work

harder.

Had

you

asked

me,I

would

have

told

you.

(=If

you

had

asked

me,…)

高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理

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第二类

使用虚拟语气的常见结构或从句：

1.*wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：

（1）

We

hope

they

will

come.

(We

don’t

know

if

they

can

come.)

（2）

We

wish

they

could

come.

(We

know

they

are

not

coming.)

2.if

only

与

I

wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与

wish后所接时态的情况相同：

If

only

she

had

had

more

courage!

她再勇敢一些就好了。

If

only

I

had

listened

to

my

parents!

我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。

If

only

she

would

go

with

me!

她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!if

only

通常独立使用，没有主句。

3.l

would

rather后句子用虚拟语气

只分现在和过去

在would

rather,would

sooner,would

just

as

soon后的that从句中,句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，

表示宁愿做什么

，具体用法为：

①

一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望

I’d

rather

you

went

tomorrow

(now).

我宁愿你明天(现在)去。

②

用过去完成时表过去的愿望

I’d

rather

you

hadn’t

said

it.

我真希望你没有这样说过。

4.l

as

if

(though)从句用虚拟语气

以as

if

(as

though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气,则与wish用法相同，例：

He

acts

as

if

he

knew

me.

他显得认识我似的。

They

treat

me

as

though

I

were

a

stranger.

他们待我如陌生人。

He

talks

as

if

he

had

been

abroad.

他说起话来好像曾经出过国。

注：两点说明

(1)

从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实，也可用陈述语气：

It

looks

as

if

we’ll

be

late.

我们似乎要迟到了。

(2)

注意

It

isn’t

as

if…的翻译：

It

isn’t

as

if

he

were

poor.

他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷)。

高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理

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第三类

从句中should+动词原形，should可省略

1.

在

lest

，for

fear

that(

以免),in

case(以防)引导的目的状语从句中的虚拟语气

She

walked

quietly

lest

she

(should)wake

up

her

roommates.

她走得很轻以免吵醒她的室友。

2.

表应当做

值得做

一类动词后的宾语从句

建议advise,suggest,propose,recommend命令order,command

请求ask,demand,require,request指示direct

敦促urge提议move,vote

希望desire坚持insist

打算intend安排arrange

例如：

I

insisted

that

he

(should)stay.

我坚持要他留下。

He

urged

that

they

go

to

Europe.

他敦促他们到欧洲去。

He

suggested

that

we

shouldleave

early.

他建议我们早点动身。

He

ordered

that

it

(should)be

sent

back.

他命令把它送回去。

I

ask

that

he

leave.

我要求他走开。

He

requires

that

I

(should)appear.

他要求我出场。

I

move

that

we

accept

the

proposal.

我提议通过这项提案。

He

arranged

that

I

should

go

abroad.

他安排我去国外。

She

desires

that

he

do

it.

她希望他做此事。

The

general

directed

that

the

prisoners

should

be

set

free.

将军指示释放那些俘虏。suggest表“暗示”insist表“坚持认为”不用虚拟语气

比较：

Heinsistedthat

Ihad

readhis

letter.

他坚持说我看过他的信。

Heinsistedthat

I

should

readhis

letter.

他坚持要我看他的信。

Hesuggestedthat

we

(should)

stayfor

dinner.

他建议我们留下吃饭。

I

suggestedthat

you

had

a

secretunderstanding

with

him.

我觉得你与他心照不宣。

3.

order,suggestion,idea,plan,proposal,advice,demand等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句

Oursuggestionis

that

you（

should）be

the

first

to

go．

我们的建议是你应该第一个去。

4.*advice,agreement,command,decision,decree,demand,determination,indication,insistence,order,preference,proposal,request,requirement,stipulation,suggestion,idea,plan,order

l

“It

is

(was)+

紧急

重要--

带感情色彩

上述demand/suggest等动词过去分词

或

important,natural,strange,necessary，surprised,appropriate等形容词

后的主语从句

1.

It

is

orderedthat

the

army

(should)get

there

by

4

a.m.

2.

It

is

necessarythat

she

(should)

besent

there

at

once.

注：*It

is

necessary，important，strange，natural，

advisable,anxious,compulsory,crucial,desirable,eager,essential,fitting,imperative(绝对必要),impossible,improper,obligatory,possible,preferable,probable,recommended,urgent,vital

etc.

；it

is

a

pity；It

is

requested/suggested/desired/proposed

高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理

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第四类

It’s

time后的从句用虚拟语气

从句谓语通常用过去式表示

(早)该干某事了有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见，且should不能省略)

ex.

It’s

time

we

went

were

going,should

go.

我们该走了。

It’s

time

I

was

in

bed.

我该上床睡了。(不用were)

It

s

time

=

It

is

(the

very/high/right/about)

time

至善教育将根据每位高三学生的学习方法、学习态度的不同，制定特有的学习方案，提供最全的高考英语学习策略。

高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理

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wish和as

if引导的虚拟

1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望

构成：主语

+

wish

(that)

+

从句主语

+

动词过去式

（be

一律用were）

例如：I

wish

I

knew

everything

in

the

world.

I

wish

that

the

experiment

were

a

success.

We

wish

we

had

wings.

2.表示与过去事实相反的愿望

构成：主语

+

wish

(that)

+

从句主语

+

would/could

+

have

+

过去分词或had

+

过去分词

例如：I

wish

that

you

had

called

yesterday.

I

wish

that

I

could

have

gone

with

you

last

night.

I

didn’t

go

to

the

party,but

I

do

wish

I

had

been

there.

3.表示将来不大可能实现的愿望

构成：主语

+

wish

(that)

+

从句主语

+

would/should/could/might

+

原形动词

例如：I

wish

that

he

could

try

again.

I

wish

that

someday

I

should

live

on

the

moon.

We

wish

that

they

would

come

soon.

II.

AS

IF

引出的虚拟。

As

if….表好像……我们经常会利用一下句型来表达不能实现的虚拟状态：It

is

as

if……。

(就好象是……)

As

if

+

从句，

主句。

（好像……

Sb.+

do…）表达一种假设的条件。而

As

if

之后的假设内容的语法结构和wish虚拟的结构一样。

L.

33

A

Day

to

Remember

中原句，

“As

if

this

were

not

enough

to

reduce

you

to

tears,your

husband

arrives.”

就利用了和现在事实相反的假设虚拟。北京新东方名师指出，要善于总结出一些学习语法的技巧，如利用对比，举例等方法进行学习。

注：Something

is

to

happened，I

m

to

face

it。

高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理

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注意事项：

使用虚拟条件句时要注意的几点：

1．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。如：

If

you

had

followed

my

advice

just

now,you

would

be

better

now.

If

you

had

studied

hard

before,you

would

be

a

college

student

now,and

you

would

graduate

from

a

college

in

four

years’

time.

2．if

省略句

在条件句中可省略if,把were,had,should提到句首,变为倒装句式。如：

If

I

were

at

school

again,I

would

study

harder.

→

Were

I

at

school

again,I

would

study

harder.

If

you

had

come

earlier,you

would

catch

the

bus.

→

Had

you

come

earlier,you

would

catch

the

bus.

If

it

should

rain

tomorrow,we

would

not

go

climbing.

→

Should

it

rain

tomorrow,we

would

not

go

climbing.

注意：若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。如：我们可以说：Were

it

not

for

the

expense,I

would

go

abroad

now.

但不能说：Weren

t

it

for

the

expense,I

would

go

abroad

now.

3．用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有with,without,but

for。如：

What

would

you

do

with

a

million

dollars?

(

=

if

you

had

a

million

dollars)

We

couldn

t

have

finished

the

work

ahead

of

time

without

your

help.

(

=

if

we

hadn

t

got

your

help)

But

for

the

rain

(

=

If

it

hadn

t

been

for

the

rain

),we

would

have

finished

the

work.

4．含蓄条件句

有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。

I

was

ill

that

day.

Otherwise,I

would

have

taken

part

in

the

sports

meet.

(副词)

He

telephoned

to

in

me

of

your

birthday,or

I

would

have

known

nothing

about

it.

(连词)

A

man

who

stopped

drinking

water

would

be

dead

in

about

seven

days.

（定语从句）

I

might

have

given

you

more

help,but

I

was

too

busy.

(连词)

Everything

taken

into

consideration,they

would

have

raiser

their

output

quickly.

(独立主格结构)

混合型与含蓄型虚拟语气

1。混合型虚拟语气：

当虚拟条件从句与结果主语所表达的时间不一致时，被称为“混合条件句”，这种虚拟语气被称为“混合型虚拟语气”，动词的形式要根据它所表达的时间作相应调整。如：

If

you

had

followedthe

doctor

s

advice,he

would

be

all

right

now.(条件从句表达的时间是过去，因此用had+过去分词；主句表示的时间是现在，因此用would+动词原形)

2.含蓄型虚拟语气：

有时候，虚拟条件不是通过if引导的条件句来表示，而是暗含在上下文中

（1）.用but

for

、without(如果没有）等来代替条件从句，如

Without

electricity

human

life

would

be

quite

different=If

there

were

no

electricity,human

life

would

be

quite

different

(2)

用otherwise、or(or

else),even

though等表示与上文的情况相反，从而引出虚拟语气。如：

I

lost

your

address.Otherwise,I

would

have

visited

you

long

before.

=I

lost

your

address.If

I

hadn

t

lost

your

address,I

would

have

visited

you

long

before.

(3)

虚拟条件通过but暗示出来。如：

He

would

have

given

you

more

help,but

he

was

too

busy

他本来会给你更多的帮助，但是他太忙了。也就是说，如果那时他不忙，他可以给你更多的帮助。句中but

he

was

too

busy实际上暗示了一个虚拟条件——如果那时他不忙

He

would

lose

weight,but

he

eats

too

much

他本来可以减肥的，但是他吃的太多了。也就是说，如果他吃得不多的话，他是可以减肥的。句中的but

he

eats

too

much实际上暗示了一个虚拟条件——如果他吃得不多。