中考高考英语语法复习表格专题八非谓语动词(记忆版)(打印版)
中考高考英语语法复习表格专题八非谓语动词(记忆版)(打印版)本文简介:八.非谓语动词◆◆◆I.非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成:非谓语形式构成特征和作用时态和语态否定式复合结构不定式todotobedoingtohavedonetobedonetohavebeendone在非谓语前加notforsb.todosth.具有名词,副词和形容词的作用在句中做主、宾、定、表、状分
中考高考英语语法复习表格专题八非谓语动词(记忆版)(打印版)本文内容:
八.非谓语动词◆◆◆
I.
非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成:
非谓语形式
构成
特征和作用
时态和语态
否定式
复合结构
不定式
to
do
to
be
doing
to
have
done
to
be
done
to
have
been
done
在非谓语前加not
for
sb.
to
do
sth.
具有名词,副词和形容词的作用
在句中做主、宾、定、表、状
分词
现在分词
doing
having
done
being
done
having
been
done
有副词和形容词的作用
可做定、表、宾补和状语
过去分词
done
动名词
doing
having
done
being
done
having
been
done
sb
s
doing
具有名词的作用
可做主、宾、定、表
II.
做宾语的非谓语动词比较:
情况
常用动词
只接不定式做宾语的动词
hope,want,offer,long,fail,expect,wish,ask,decide,pretend,manage,agree,afford,determine,promise,happen◆
只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语
mind,miss,enjoy,imagine,practise,suggest,finish,escape,excuse,appreciate,admit,prevent,keep,dislike,avoid,risk,resist,consider◆
can
t
help,feel
like,succeed
in,be
fond
of,object
to,get
down
to,be
engaged
in,insist
on,think
of,be
proud
of,take
pride
in,set
about,be
afraid
of,be
tired
of,look
forward
to,devote
oneself
to,be
worth,be
busy,pay
attention
to,stick
to◆
两者都可以◆◆
意义基本相同
begin,start,like,love,hate,prefer,continue(接不定式多指具体的动作,接动名词多指一般或习惯行为)
need,want,require(接动名词主动形式表示被动意义,若接不定式则应用被动形式)
意义相反
stop
to
do
停止手中事,去做另一件事
stop
doing
停止正在做的事
意义不同
remember/forget/regret
to
do(指动作尚未发生)
remember/forget/regret
doing(指动作已经发生)
go
on
to
do(接着做另外一件事)
go
on
doing(接着做同一件事)
try
to
do(设法,努力去做,尽力)
try
doing(试试去做,看有何结果)
mean
to
do(打算做,企图做)
mean
doing
(意识是,意味着)
can
t
help
to
do(不能帮忙做)
can
t
help
doing(忍不住要做)
III.非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别:
常见动词
与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念
例句
不定式
ask,beg,expect,get,order,tell,want,wish,encourage◆
主谓关系。强调动作将发生或已经完成,如see
sb
do
sth
I
heard
him
call
me
several
times.
have,notice,see,watch,hear,feel,let,make◆
现在分词
notice,see,watch,hear,find,keep,have,feel◆
主谓关系。强调动作正在进行,尚未完成,如see
sb
doing
sth
I
found
her
listening
to
the
radio.
过去分词
动宾关系。如see
sb
done
(sb与do被动关系)
We
found
the
village
greatly
changed.
IV.
非谓语动词做定语的区别:
区别
举例
不定式
与被修饰词往往有动宾关系,一般式表示将来,进行式表示与谓语动作同时发生,完成式表示在谓语动词之前发生
I
have
a
lot
of
papers
to
type.
I
have
a
lot
of
papers
to
be
typed.
I
have
no
place
to
live
in.(注意in不能省略)
动名词
通常指被修饰词的用途,无逻辑上的任何关系
Shall
we
go
to
the
swimming
pool?
现在分词
与被修饰词之间是主谓关系,表示动作与谓语动作同时发生
the
boiling
water
/
the
boiled
water
the
developing
country/the
developed
country
the
falling
leaves
/
the
fallen
leaves
过去分词
与被修饰词之间是被动关系,表示动作发生在谓语动作之前,现已经完成
V.
非谓语动词做主语和表语的区别:
区别
举例
不定式
多表示一个特定的具体的将来的动作,做主语时可以借助于it把不定式移到句子后面。做表语有时可和主语交换位置,而且意义不变,并且还能用what来提问主语或表语。
My
dream
is
to
become
a
teacher.
To
obey
the
law
is
important.
(dream,business,wish,idea,plan,duty,task做主语时常用)
动名词
与不定式的功能区别不大,然而它更接近于名词,表示的动作比较抽象,或者泛指习惯性的动作,有时也可以用it做形式主语,做表语时可以和主语互换位置。◆
It
is
no
use
saying
that
again
and
again.
Teaching
is
my
job.
分词
无名词的性质,不能做主语。但是有形容词的性质,可以做表语,多表明主语的特征性质或者状态等,可被very,quite,rather等副词修饰。
现在分词多含有“令人…“之意,说明主语的性质特征,多表示主动,主语多为物。过去分词一般表示被动或主语所处的状态,含有“感到…“之意,主语多是人。◆◆
The
situation
is
encouraging.
The
book
is
well
written.
(常见分词有astonishing,moving,tiring,disappointing,puzzling,shocking,boring,amusing及其-ed形式)
VI
独立主格结构◆◆
区别
独立主格结构带有自己的逻辑主语,与主句主语不一致
He
stood
there,his
nose
bleeding.
(bleeding的逻辑主语是his
nose,不是he)
注意:在“He
stood
there,his
nose
was
bleeding.“中,“逗号“前有分句,逗号后再出现分句时,要么用连接词,要么将其中一个分句(句子)改成分词结构或独立主格结构。
一般的分词结构的逻辑主语往往是主句主语
He
stood
there,bleeding.
(bleeding的逻辑主语是主句主语he;
bleed和he
是主动关系,且表示伴随状态,所以用bleeding)
用法
逻辑主语+doing/
having
done
Weather
permitting,we
will
go
out
to
play.
(weather
和permit
是主动关系,用现在分词)
逻辑主语+done/
having
been
done
The
problems
discussed,the
members
argued
with
each
other.(讨论和争论同时进行)
The
problems
having
been
solved,they
went
home.
(先解决问题,后回家)
逻辑主语+
to
do
Let
s
clean
the
classroom,Tom
to
fetch
some
water.
逻辑主语+无动词结构
He
came
in,(with)
a
hat
on
his
head.
He
stood
there,sword
in
hand.