初三英语下册知识点急呀

初中英语重要短语/句型/惯用法
1.There be 结构
a.这是英语中常见的一种结构，表示“某地有某物”其含义为“存在有”。
eg.There are twenty girls in our class.have也解释为“有”但是与there be有区别，它的含义是“所有，属有”，其主语为某人。eg.I have a nice watch.
b.There be 结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致。
c.There is a river near our school.
否：There is not a river near our school.
问：Is there a river near our school.
回答：Yes, there is. No, there isn’t.
划⑴How many rivers are there near our school?
⑵What’s near our school?
d.there be 结构的一般将来时，同学们较难掌握，其正确形式为：there is going to be
e.反意疑问句的构成：There is no water in the glass, is there?
①There is going to _____ a football match this afternoon.
A.have B.watch C.be D.play
②They were sure that they were going to ____ a rest.
A.be B.have C.be on D.on
2.so,neither引导的倒装句,为了避免和前一句话的内容重复，英语中习惯用so,neither引导的倒装句。
a.So+be(助动词，情态动词)+主语。表示某人也是如此。
eg.Mike has bought some foreign stamps.
So has Bob.=Bob has bought some,too.
b.Neither+be(助动词，情态动词)＋主语，表示某人也不。
eg.Mother has never been to Japan.
Neither has Father.=Father has never been to Japan, either.
c.So＋主语＋be(助动词，情态动词)。表示果真如此(赞同), 请同学们与a.区别。
eg.A:Mike is right in the classroom.
B:So he is.=He is really in the class room.
3.It’s+时间+since动词过去式。自从...起已有...时间了。
⑴It’s two weeks since we met last.(自从我们上次见面已有两个星期了)
⑵How long is it since we left Beijing?(自从我们离开北京已有多久了
4.祈使句+and (那么)...
eg.Go straight on and you’ll see a school. =If you go straight on, you’ll see a school.
5.祈使句+or...否则...
eg.Work hard, or you will fall behind the other students.
=If you don’t work hard, you’ll fall behind the other.
6. The+比较级...，the+比较级... 越...越...
eg.⑴The more, the better. 越多越好。
⑵The harder you work on it, the better you’ll be at it.(你越用功，你就越好。)
7.How do you like the film? =What do you think of the film? (你认为这部电影怎样？)
8.What...do with...?怎样对付...?怎样处理...?
虽然中文为怎样，我们绝不可照字面翻译为how.
eg.A:What have you done with the library book?
B:I’ve just returned it to the library.
9.I don’t know what to do.我不知道该怎么办？
I don’t know how to do. × 10.What...be like?...是什么样的？
eg.⑴What’s the weather like? 天气如何？
⑵What’s your school like? 你们学校是什么样的？
11.What...for?为何目的？为什么？
eg.What do you want a science lab for?=Why do you want a science lab?
12.one of +最高级＋复数 最...之一
eg.Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers.
13.find it +形容词+to do
eg.I find it useful to learn English well. (我发觉学好英语是很有用的)
find +宾语 +名词 eg.I find him a good boy. (我发现他是个好男孩.)
find +宾语 +形容词 eg.I find the door open/closed. (我发现门开/关着)
I find our bags filled with/full of presents. (我发现我们的包装满了礼物)
14.I don’t think+肯定句 我想...不
eg.I don’t think I’ll take it. (我想我不买它了)
请注意:中文意思否定在从句中,但是英语的表达否定在主句中。
15.prefer A to B=like A better than B 更喜欢A不怎么喜欢B.
eg. I prefer fish to chicken.= I like fish better than
[短语、词组归纳]
由动词开头构成的短语、词组很多。复习时应分类处理：
一、动词+介词
1．look at…看…， look like … 看上去像……， look after …照料…
2．listen to…听……
3．welcome to…欢迎到……
4．say hello to …向……问好
5．speak to…对……说话
此类短语相当于及物动词，其后必须带宾语，但宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。
二、动词+副词
“动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类：
A．动词（vt.）+副词
1．put on 穿上 2．take off脱下 3．write down记下
此类短语可以带宾语，宾语若是名词，放在副词前后皆可；宾语若是人称代词，只能放在副词的前面。
B．动词（vi）+副词。
1．come on赶快 2．get up起床 3．go home回家
4．come in进来 5．sit down坐下 6．stand up起立
此类短语属于不及物动词，不可以带宾语。