高考词性归类考点名词

2014高考词性归类考点名词本文简介：2014高考词性归类考点讲座名词篇纵观高考试题，试题中出现的考点主要有：名词的复数形式；不可数名词的辨认；抽象名词转换成普通名词的名词一体词；名词作定语；双重所有格；名词前多个形容词排列。一、名词可数与不可数及修饰词：常考的抽象名词有：advice,chalk,furniture,patience,

2014高考词性归类考点名词本文内容：

2014高考

词性归类考点讲座

名

词

篇

纵观高考试题，试题中出现的考点主要有：名词的复数形式；不可数名词的辨认；抽象名词转换成普通名词的名词一体词；名词作定语；双重所有格；名词前多个形容词排列。

一、名词可数与不可数及修饰词：

常考的抽象名词有：

advice,chalk,furniture,patience,paper,clothing,fun,power,work,oil,jewelery,homework,sugar,information,salt,knowledge,luck,weather,progress,news

(word),money

注意：another不能修饰不可数名词，可说another

book，不可说another

news。

二、复合名词的复数形式因词而异：

1.

a

man

driver

(men

drivers)

a

woman

doctor

(

women

doctors)

2.

a

film-goer

(film-goers)

电影爱好者

3.

a

looker-on

(lookers-on)

旁观者

passers-by

4.

a

grown-up

(grown-ups)

成年人

三、部分名词的复数形式表示特殊意义：

goods,looks（表情、外貌）,times,interests,works,glasses,hairs（头发）,drinks（饮料）,manners,papers,greens（青菜、蔬菜）,irons（熨斗）,forces（军队）,sands（沙滩）,arms,airs（做作的样子、架子）

→put

on

airs

e.g.

1.

His

mother

wants

to

buy

some

greens

in

the

market.

She

is

dressed

in

green.

2.

Her

grandfather

can

not

read

without

glasses.

In

fact

her

necklace

was

made

of

glass.

3.

Wood

can

be

made

into

paper.

It’s

polite

for

the

students

to

help

the

teacher

collect

or

hand

out

papers.

4.

It

takes

a

lot

of

work

to

build

a

house.

A

new

chemical

works

will

be

set

up

here.

5.

The

city

is

in

great

need

of

our

goods.

How

good

of

you

to

come

and

help

us!

6.

Put

down

your

arms,or

we’ll

fire.

She

carried

a

box

under

her

arm.

7.

What

does

this

French

word

mean?

Only

by

this

means

can

we

learn

English

well.

8.

Don’t

put

on

airs

before

us.

He

likes

going

out

for

fresh

air.

9.

She

takes

no

interest

in

politics.

We

should

not

live

only

for

our

own

interests.

四、几个容易误用的名词的单复数：

1.

单复数相同：

sheep,deer,fish,Chinese,Japanese,means,works

2.

只有复数：cattle,people

3.

常以复数形式出现：

trousers,glasses,thanks,clothes,remains（遗物）,contents,goods,congratulations,means,sports,preparations（准备）,tears,repairs,regards,games（运动会）

4.

以s结尾的学科或专有名词常作单数：

politics,maths,physics,the

United

States,The

United

Nations

五、几组易错名词的用法：

1.

many

a

+

单数名词

=

many

+

复数名词

2.

集合名词：family,team,audience,enemy,public,group,class,government,company,police,arty,class,school,union

作主语时，若看作一个整体时，谓语动词用单数；若表示组成分子，则用复数。当被看作是一个非人称单位，一个整体时，用作单数；当我们把这个集合体看作一些人时，用作复数。通俗一点讲，如果意在一个个个体，用作复数理解。

1.The

White

family

are

on

holiday.

①The

family

is

very

large.这个家庭很大（人很多）。

Hearing

the

news,the

whole

family

were

very

sad.听到这个消息，全家人都很伤心。

②Their

class

has

only

30

students.他们班只有30名学生。

Their

class

are

all

from

the

south.他们全班都是南方人。

The

police

are

on

duty

at

the

street

corner.

My

family

is

/

are

going

to

have

a

long

journey.

3.

population:

1）作为“人口”的总称或“居民”的总数是不可数名词，谓语用单数。

2）问“多少人口”时，不说how

many或how

much，而用what。

3）在谈到“人口比……多”时，常用large，great；“人口少”时，常用small，而不用much，many或little。

4）当谈及“有人口”时，

习惯上用have

a

population

of…。

5）当“百分数/分数+

of

the

population”作主语时，谓语用复数。

6）表示某个地区人口时，其前应有定冠词。

7）population不能与people连用。

e.g.

The

population

in

China

is

very

large,and

80%

of

the

population

are

farmers.

The

city

has

a

population

of

the

million.

六、表示“许多”的词组：

1.

代替many，修饰可数名词的有：a

great

number

of,a

large

number

of,a

good

number

of,a

great

many,many

a

2.

代替much，修饰不可数名词的有：a

great

deal

of

3.

既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的有：a

lot

of,lots

of,plenty

of,a

large

/

great

/

good

quantity

of,large

quantities

of

e.g.

The

teacher

gave

us

a

large

number

of

examples.

七、用定冠词加上姓氏的复数形式，表示其全家人或夫妇两人：

the

Smiths

八、名词的双重所有格的用法：

1.

只能用于指人的名词

a

friend

of

my

sister’s

2.

前一名词必须泛指或有this，that，those，another，some，every，several，such，any，which，what修饰或限制，或前面有数词。

九、名词前多个形容词的排列顺序：

描绘性+大小/新旧/年龄/温度/形式+颜色/形状+起源/出处+材料/目的分类

e.g.

a

pretty

little

American

girl

an

old

stone

bridge

a

small

round

pine

table

the

dirty

old

green

coat

十、名词用来作定语，修饰名词：

有生命的多用’s或s’的所有格，无生命的多用of短语。

一个名词直接做定语修饰另一个名词，往往属于固定的搭配。

telephone

number,school

education,air

pollution,research

work,bus

driver,coffee

cup,sports

meet,village

people

十一、表示具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事，表示变化了的词义，这一类抽象名词已完全名词化变为可数名词：

1.

in

surprise

/

a

surprise

2.

with

pleasure

/

a

pleasure

3.

have

pity

on

sb.

/

It’s

a

pity.

(

What

a

pity.)

4.

a

man

with

experience

/

an

experience

5.

light（光）

/

a

light（灯）

6.

have

difficulty

in

doing

sth.

/

meet

with

many

difficulties

7.

failure

(

success

)

8.

danger（危险）

/

a

danger（危险物）

十二、常用名词辨异：

1.

accident

/

incident:

accident常指不幸的，预料不到的，突发性的意外事件，如灾祸、灾难等；还常与by连用，by

accident

偶然

类似:

come

across,happen

to

do,chance

to

do,by

chance

e.g.

He

had

met

with

an

accident

on

the

way.

This

is

why

he

was

late

for

the

meeting.

incident指不重要的小事或引起公众注意的事件；也指事变、战争等。

e.g.

My

father

told

me

of

an

incident

that

took

place

on

his

first

day

at

school.

2.

affair

/

business

/

matter

affair的单数形式作“事情、事件”解，复数形式作“事务、业务”解，用指国内、国际的事务。

business作“生意”“行业”，没有复数形式。

matter作“事情、东西、问题”解，通常指必须考虑和处理的事情。

另外：1）the

matter麻烦事

2）v.

主要用于否定句、疑问句，表示“要紧，有重大关系”

3）no

matter

…,as

a

matter

of

fact

4）matter

物质

3.

clothes

/

cloth

/

clothing

/

dress

clothes统指衣服，不能与数词连用，但可以说many（a

few，those，my）clothes，

说“一套衣服”可以表达为“a

suit

of

clothes”，其后的谓语动词用复数形式。

cloth指做衣服的衣料，是不可数名词，但用于特殊用途的布，如“台布”“抹布”等是可数名词，复数形式为clothes。本空间名为腾讯认证（蔡章兵主编QQ757722345）空间，本空间每天都有5篇左右资源更新，你只须点击空间顶部“关注”并设置为特别关心，就会收到每天更新的信息，欢迎加微信czbqsyy收听更多信息。

clothing指衣服、服装的总称，是集合名词，没有复数形式。

一件衣服a

piece

of

clothing

/

an

article

of

clothing，不能说a

suit

of

clothing

dress指穿在外面的衣服，尤指在社交场合的衣服，可数名词。

4.

fun

/

joke

fun和joke都有“开玩笑”的意思，fun是不可数名词，而joke可用做动词，表示“开玩笑”，而fun不能用作动词。

同某人开玩笑：make

fun

of,play

a

joke

/

jokes

on

sb.

make

a

joke

/

jokes

about

sb.

/

sth.

5.

e

moment

(that)…

/

for

the

moment

in

a

moment“一会儿后”，指从现在往后的一段时间，也可指“很短的一段时间内”。

after

a

moment“一会儿后”，用于过去或将来的某时起往后一段时间。

for

a

moment作一段时间解时，指“很短暂的一整段时间”。

at

the

moment“当时”“目前”（=

at

this

moment,then）

the

moment

that表示“一……就……”

for

the

moment暂时、目前

6.

pay

/

wage

/

salary

pay是不可数名词，是个常用词，可替代其他两个词。

salary是可数名词、不可数名词，按月、季或年发给的工资，一般指脑力劳动者的工资。

wage（常用复数），一般指体力劳动者的工资，按日或星期来计算的。

7.

strength

/

force

/

energy

/

power

strength常指固有的潜在力量，指人时，着重力气。

force主要指自然界的力量，如暴力、势力、军事力量等。

energy主要指“人的精力、自然界的能量”

power主要指做一件事情所依靠的能力。

十三、Repeat:

1.

If

we

had

followed

his

plan,we

could

have

done

the

job

better

with

less

money

and

fewer

people.

2.

Shortly

after

the

accident,two

dozen

police

were

sent

there

to

keep

order.

3.

We

have

worked

out

the

plan

and

now

put

it

into

practice.

4.

He

is

going

camping

with

two

other

little

boys.

5.

We’ve

missed

the

last

bus.

I’m

afraid

we

have

no

choice

but

to

take

a

taxi.

6.

He

gained

his

wealth

by

printing

works

of

famous

writers.

7.

If

by

any

chance

someone

comes

to

see

me,ask

them

to

leave

a

message.

8.

You’ll

find

this

map

of

great

value

in

helping

you

to

get

round

London.

代词

一、

it的用法：

1.

代替指示代词this或that

2.

用作人称代词

3.

表示时间、天气、距离等

4.

引导词，在句中充当形式主语或形式宾语

1)

It

seems

that

…

≯

Sb.

seems

to

do

/

to

be

doing

/

to

have

done

2)

It

appears

that

…≯

Sb.

appears

to

do

/

to

be

doing

/

to

have

done

3)

It

happens

that

…≯

Sb.

happens

to

do

/

to

be

doing

/

to

have

done

4)

It

is

no

use

/

useless

/

no

good

doing

sth.

5)

It

is

said

/

reported

/

believed

that

…

6)

It

has

been

proved

that

…

事实证明……

7)

It

is

+

adj.

+

for

sb.

/

of

sb.

to

do

sth.

8)

It

is

a

pity

that

…

9)

It

is

certain

that

…

10)

It

is

time

(

that

)

…（虚拟语气）

11)

It

is

necessary

that

…（虚拟语气）

12)

Sb.

+

v.

+

it

+

n.

/

adj.

+

to

do

sth.

/

doing

sth.

/

that…

feel

it

an

honour

to

do…

make

it

clear

to

sb.

to

do

find

it

no

use

doing

13)

It

is

/

was

+

被强调的部分

+

that

/

who

…

14)

It

was

(

not

)

/

will

(

not

)

long

(

hours

)

before

…

15)

It

is

not

until

…

that

…≯

Not

until

…

16)

It

takes

sb.

some

time

to

do

sth.

二、反身代词：

come

to

oneself（苏醒）/

be

not

oneself（身体不舒服）

congratulate

oneself

on（暗自庆幸）

enjoy

oneself

express

oneself（表达）

devote

oneself

to（致力于）

dress

oneself（穿衣）

find

oneself（发觉自己在）

help

oneself

to（随便吃）

hide

oneself（躲藏）

keep

sth.

to

oneself（保守秘密）

make

oneself

at

home（不要拘束，就像在自己家里一样）

make

oneself

+

p.p.

seat

oneself

三、替代词so的用法：

1.

So

do

I.

后者与前者相同，两个不同的主语。

2.

So

I

do.

重复前面的内容，同一个主语。

3.

I

do

so.

指代前面的内容。

4.

So

it

is

with…

如果前面是两个或两个以上的句子，而且里面包含不同的人称、数或时态等时，so可以替代从句中的that宾语从句下面的动词，多用此种替代方法。

5.

常用结构：

I’m

afraid

so.

≯

I’m

afraid

not.

I

think

so.

≯

I

don’t

think

so.

I

believe

so.

≯

I

believe

not.

I

hope

so.

≯

I

hope

not.

I

suppose

/

fear

/

imagine

so.

≯

I

suppose

/

fear

/

imagine

not.

I

have

been

told

so.

四、such与so的不同用法：

1.

such置于冠词之前，但常用在some

/

any

/

every

/

many

/

all

/

no之后。

such

an

interesting

book

≯

so

interesting

a

book

no

such

thing

/

one

such

animal

2.

such

+

adj.

+不可数名词/名词的复数形式

3.

so

many

/

few

/

much

/

little

+可数/不可数名词

so

many

people

/

so

little

money

/

such

a

little

girl

4.

such用于特殊结构

Such

is

our

study

plan.

5.

so

that（目的/结果）≯

in

case（没有such

that）

such

…

as…

五、常用代词辨异：

1.

one,ones,that,those,it

◆one与ones可以用来代替前面提到过的可数名词，one指单数，ones指复数。

▲

①one与ones既可指人也可指物，ones不可单独使用，也不可用those，these直接修饰，但可用the修饰，或these

+

adj.

+

ones。

▲

②one可代替可数名词为中心的整个名词词组，而ones不能。

▲

③one不能加不定冠词，除非中间有形容词。

▲

④one可单独使用，作“任何人”解。

◆that与those，that代替前面提到过的不可数名词，those代替前面提到过的复数名词。That，those后面跟定语从句时，关系代词不能用that。

◆one和it都可以用来代替前面出现过的单数名词。one代替这类东西的任何一个，it代替前面所指的特定的东西。

2.

no

one,none

①

no

one

=

nobody，只指人，不指物，谓语动词用单数。

②

no

one没有固定范围，故其后不接of短语。none可接of短语。

No

one，nobody用于简略回答时，不能用来对“How

many”或“How

much”做否定回答。

e.g.

Is

there

anyone

who

can

do

the

experiment?

No

one.

③

none表示三个或三个以上的人或事物中“没有一个”或“任何一个都不”。表示不可数名词时，谓语用单数；表示可数名词时，单复数均可。

④

none常用来对“How

many”或“How

much”做否定回答，也可对

any

+

of

短语构成的一般疑问句做否定回答。而no

one用来回答“Who”引导的特殊疑问句。

3.

both,either,neither

◆

both两者都，作主语时谓语动词用复数。作形容词时，可直接修饰名词，如有定冠词the，物主代词或指示代词修饰名词，需置both之后。both指两个人或物，不可与单数名词或不可数不清名词搭配，只与复数名词搭配。

◆

either两者中的任何一个，跟谓语动词的单数。作形容词用，只能和单数可数名词连用，作案不定代词时，可单独使用，也可跟of短语。

◆

neither两者中无任何一个，用法同either。

六、Repeat:

1.

Kate

and

her

sister

went

on

holiday

with

a

cousin

of

theirs.

2.

There

are

so

many

kinds

of

books

on

sale

that

I

can’t

make

up

my

mind

which

to

buy.

3.

Tom’s

mother

kept

telling

him

that

he

should

work

harder,but

it

didn’t

help.

4.

I

was

disappointed

with

the

film.

I

had

expressed

it

to

be

much

better.

5.

They

were

all

very

tired,but

none

of

them

would

stop

to

take

a

rest.

6.

I

hope

there

are

enough

glasses

for

each

guest

to

have

one.

7.

I

hate

it

when

people

talk

with

their

mouths

full.