届中考英语语法专题复习7

2013届中考英语语法专题复习7本文简介：动词（Verbs）动词的种类按其作用可分为行为动词（实义动词）、连系动词、助动词和情态动词行为动词（实义动词）行为动词意义完整，能独立用作谓语e.g.Thesunshonebrightlythismorning.连系动词连系动词本身有一定的意义，但不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语。常见

2013届中考英语语法专题复习7本文内容：

动词（Verbs）

动词的种类

按其作用可分为行为动词（实义动词）、连系动词、助动词和情态动词

行为动词（实义动词）

行为动词意义完整，能独立用作谓语

e.g.

The

sun

shone

brightly

this

morning.

连系动词

连系动词本身有一定的意义，但不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语。常见的连系动词有be，become，get，look，seem，feel，smell，sound，keep，become，turn，fall等

e.g.

She

is

a

good

swimmer.

助动词

助动词本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示否定、疑问、时态、语态或其他语法形式。常见的助动词有be，have(has)，do(does)，will(would)，shall(should)

助动词的基本形式

原形

一般式

过去式

过去分词

现在分词

am

is

are

were

have

has

does

do

shall

shall

should

will

will

would

(表中be，do，have及它们的相应形式已不表示“是”、“做”、“有”之意。)

助动词的用法

助动词be的用法

be后面跟现在分词构成各种进行时态

e.g.

My

mother

is

cooking

in

the

chicken.

be后面跟过去分词构成被动语态

e.g.

This

bridge

was

built

twenty

years

ago.

be后面跟动词不定式表示根据安排要发生的事情

e.g.

We

are

to

have

an

English

evening

next

week.

助动词have的用法

have后面跟过去分词构成完成时态

e.g.

I

have

been

to

the

teachers’

office.

have后面跟动词不定式构成谓语，表示因客观环境而不得不做的事情

e.g.

It’s

raining

hard.

She

has

to

stay

at

home.

助动词do的用法

用来构成疑问句和否定句

e.g.

I

don’t

think

you

are

right.我认为你不对。

用来加强语气，起强调作用，一般解释为“一定要”，“真的”

e.g.

Do

come

and

see

me.

用来代替前面刚提到的动词以避免重复

e.g.

I

work

harder

than

he

does.

助动词shall/should与will/would的用法

shall构成一般将来时，should构成过去将来时，用于第一人称，后接动词原形。

e.g.

We

shall

visit

the

Science

Museum

next

month.\

He

asked

me

if

I

should

take

part

in

the

sports

meet.

will构成一般将来时，would构成过去将来时，用于第二、三人称，后接动词原形

e.g.

The

weather

report

says

that

there

will

be

heavy

rain

tomorrow

afternoon.

【注】现代英语有一个明显的发展趋势，就是第一人称用shall表示将来时间已越来越少，大量采用will，它在陈述句中能用于所有人称，即使是第一人称疑问句也用will。

e.g.

We

will

set

off

soon.

\

Will

I

be

able

to

go

out

tomorrow.

情态动词

情态动词本身有词义，表示说话人对某种动作和状态的看法，但不能独立作谓语，和动词原形一起构成谓语，情态动词没有人称和数的变化。

情态动词的基本形式

现在式

否定式的缩写

过去式

否定式的缩写

can

can’t

could

couldn’t

may

might

must

mustn’t

shall

shan’t

should

shouldn’t

will

won’t

would

wouldn’t

need

needn’t

几个常用情态动词的用法

情态动词can(could)的用法

表示智力、体力方面的能力

e.g.

He

can

speak

both

English

and

French.

在口语中，can常代替may，表示“许可”、“可以”

e.g.

Can

I

use

your

computer?

can有时意为可能，表示说话人的“怀疑”、“猜测”或“不肯定”，常用于否定句或疑问句

e.g.

Can

the

news

be

true?

could可代表can表示现在时间的动作，但语气较为婉转

e.g.

Could

you

please

ring

up

again

at

six?

【注】

⒈be

able

to可以和can(could)表示同样意思

e.g.

No

one

can

do

it.=No

one

is

able

to

do

it.

⒉表示将来或其他时间的能力和做具体一件事的能力时要用be

able

to，

e.g.

Will

you

be

able

to

come

tonight?

情态动词may(might)的用法

表示允许或征求对方的许可，有“可以”的意思

e.g.

You

may

go

now.

【注】回答带有may的疑问句时，否定式常用must

not(mustn’t)，表示“不可以”、“禁止”的意思

e.g.

—May

I

take

this

magazine

out

of

the

reading-room?

—No,you

mustn’t.

表示说话人的猜测，认为某一件事“或许”、“可能”发生

e.g.

You

may

be

right.

Might也可以代替may，表示现在时间的动作，但语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定

e.g.

It

might

rain

this

afternoon.

情态动词must和have

to的用法

表示“必须”，“应当”

e.g.

We

must

be

strict

in

our

work.

must的否定形式must

not\mustn’t，表示“不可以”、“禁止”的意思，语气比较强烈。

回答must的疑问句时，否定式常用need

not\needn’t或don’t

have，表示“不必”、“用不着”

e.g.

—Must

we

hand

in

our

exercise

today？

—No，you

needn’t.

表示说话人对事物的推测，比may语气肯定得多，意为“一定”、“准是”

e.g.

She

must

know

how

to

solve

the

problem.

have

to表示“不得不”、“必须”的意思，它比must更含有“客观条件时的必须如此做”的意思，并有较多的时态

e.g.

She

has

to

do

a

lot

of

housework

every

day.

情态动词should的用法

表示劝告、建议，常译为“应当”

e.g.

You

should

listen

to

the

doctor’s

advice.

表示预测，常译为“可能”

e.g.

They

should

be

here

by

now.

情态动词need的用法

need作为情态动词，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，表示“需要”、“必须”

e.g.

You

needn’t

come

here

so

early

tomorrow.

need可用作实义动词，其否定形式要借助don’t，doesn’t或didn’t；疑问形式要借助do，does或did

e.g.

Do

you

need

any

help?

情态动词will\would的用法

用于疑问句,一般用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问

e.g.

Will

you

have

another

cup

of

coffee?

表示“意愿”、“决心”等，可用于各种人称

e.g.

I’ll

do

my

best.

用would时语气比will委婉

e.g.

Would

you

please

pass

me

the

ruler?

情态动词shall的用法

在疑问句中，情态动词shall用于第一、三人称，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示

e.g.

Shall

we

go

out

for

a

walk?

短语动词的类型

动词+介词（用作及物动词，后跟宾语），此类短语动词有wait

for，look

for，look

after，look

at，look

into，agree

to，agree

with，hear

from等

e.g.

He

looked

after

us

very

well.

动词+副词（有的用作及物动词，有的用作不及物动词），此类短语有find

out，give

up，hand

in，hurry

up，knock

down，leave

behind，look

out，look

up，put

on，slow

down，think

over，try

on，try

out，wake

up，work

out等

e.g.

He

called

up

the

man.

【注】当这类短语动词的宾语是名词时，它可以置于短语动词之后，

置于短语动词之中。但若宾语是代词担任时，则其只能置于短语动词之中。

e.g.

Can

I

try

them

on,please?

动词+副词+介词

此类短语有catch

up

with，come

out

of，do

away

with，get

down

to，get

on

with，keep

up

with，look

forward

to，put

up

with等

e.g.

I

can’t

put

up

with

these

noisy

people.

动词+名词+介词

此类短语有catch

hold

of，have

pity

on，make

friends

with，make

fun

of，make

room

for，pay

a

visit

to，pay

attention

to，play

a

part

in，take

care

of，take

interest

in，take

part

in，take

hold

of等

e.g.

The

elder

sister

takes

care

of

the

young

children.

动词+介词+名词

此类短语有come

to

life，bring

to

an

end，go

to

bed，take

by

surprise，set

on

fire，get

in

touch等

e.g.

The

cigarette

set

the

house

on

fire.

be+形容词+介词

此类短语有be

afraid

of，be

fond

of，be

angry

with/at，be

strict

with，be

good

at，be

worried

about，be

weak

in，be

interested

in，be

proud

of，be

tired

of，be

sick

of，be

surprised

at等

e.g.

She

was

afraid

of

snakes.

及物动词和不及物动词

及物动词必须带宾语，表示动作的对象

e.g.

I

like

music.

不及物动词不能或不需带宾语

e.g.

The

wind

is

blowing

hard.

多数动词既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词

e.g.

I

hear

your

father

has

left

Beijing

for

Tokyo.(及物动词)

\

When

did

he

leave?(不及物动词)

动词的基本形式

动词有四种基本形式：动词原形、过去式、过去分词和现在分词

规则动词的过去式和过去分词是在原形动词后面加-ed构成，现在分词是在原形动词后面加-ing构成

规则动词加-ed构成过去式和过去分词的情况及其读音详见下表：

词形

读音

在清辅音后读/t/

在元音和浊辅音后读/d/

在辅音/t//d/后读/id/

一般动词加-ed

asked,helped,finished,worked

played,answered,opened,called,entered

wanted,needed,repeated

以e结尾的动词后加-d

hoped,liked

lived,died,tied,changed

以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先将y改为i，再加-ed

studied,tried,carried,cried,worried

以重度闭音节或r结尾而且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写辅音字母，再加-ed

stopped,dropped

planned,referred,begged

regretted,permitted,admitted

规则动词加-ing构成现在分词的情况详见下表：

词

形

加-ing

例

词

一般动词

加-ing

see—seeing，ski—skiing

以不发音的字母e结尾的动词

先去e，再加-ing

become—becoming，use—using

以重度闭音节结尾，末尾又只有一个辅音字母的动词

将末尾辅音字母双写，再加-ing

begin—beginning，

sit—sitting，plan—planning，stop—stopping

以ie结尾的动词

将ie变为y，再加-ing

die—dying，lie—lying，tie—tying

不规则动词

则详见不规则动词表

不规则动词表

现在式

过去式

过去分词

am,is

was

been

are

were

been

babysit

babysat

babysat

become

became

become

bend

bent

bent

begin

began

begun

bite

bit

bitten

bleed

bled

bled

blow

blew

blown

break

broke

broken

bring

brought

brought

build

built

built

burn

burnt/burned

burnt/burned

buy

bought

bought

can

could

-

catch

caught

caught

choose

chose

chosen

come

came

come

cost

cost

cost

cut

cut

cut

dig

dug

dug

do,does

did

done

draw

drew

drawn

drink

drank

drunk

drive

drove

driven

eat

ate

eaten

fall

fell

fallen

feed

fed

fed

feel

felt

felt

fight

fought

fought

find

found

found

fly

flew

flown

forget

forgot

forgotten

freeze

froze

frozen

forgive

forgave

forgiven

get

got

got

give

gave

given

go

went

gone

grow

grew

grown

has,have

had

had

hear

heard

heard

hide

hid

hidden

hit

hit

hit

hold

held

held

hurt

hurt

hurt

keep

kept

kept

know

knew

known

lay

laid

laid

leap

leapt/leaped

leapt/leaped

learn

learnt/learned

learnt/learned

leave

left

left

lend

lent

lent

let

let

let

lie

lay

lain

light

lit/lighted

lit/lighted

lose

lost

lost

make

made

made

may

might

-

mean

meant

meant

meet

met

met

pay

paid

paid

put

put

put

read

read

read

retell

retold

retold

ride

rode

ridden

ring

rang

rung

rise

rose

risen

run

ran

run

say

said

said

see

saw

seen

seek

sought

sought

sell

sold

sold

send

sent

sent

set

set

set

shake

shook

shaken

shall

should

-

shine

shone

shone

shoot

shot

shot

show

showed

shown

sing

sang

sung

sit

sat

sat

sleep

slept

slept

smell

smelt

smelt

speak

spoke

spoken

spell

spelt

spelt

spend

spent

spent

spread

spread

spread

stand

stood

stood

steal

stole

stolen

stick

stuck

stuck

swim

swam

swum

swing

swung

swung

take

took

taken

teach

taught

taught

tear

tore

torn

tell

told

told

think

thought

thought

throw

threw

thrown

tread

trod

trod

/

trodden

understand

understood

understood

upset

upset

upset

wake

woke/waked

woken/waked

wear

wore

worn

will

would

-

win

won

won

write

wrote

written

8