高考英语一轮复习每日一题第20周完形填空夹议论文含解析
2018年高考英语一轮复习每日一题第20周完形填空夹议论文含解析本文简介:完形填空夹议论文高考频度:★★★难易程度:★★★★Asageneralrule,allformsofactivityleadtoboredomwhentheyareperformedonaroutine(常规)basis.Asamatteroffact,wecanseethis1atworkinpe
2018年高考英语一轮复习每日一题第20周完形填空夹议论文含解析本文内容:
完形填空夹议论文
高考频度:★★★
难易程度:★★★★
As
a
general
rule,all
forms
of
activity
lead
to
boredom
when
they
are
performed
on
a
routine(常规)
basis.
As
a
matter
of
fact,we
can
see
this
1
at
work
in
people
of
all
2
.
For
example,on
Christmas
morning,children
are
excited
about
3
with
their
new
toys.
But
their
4
soon
wears
off
and
by
January
those
5
toys
can
be
found
put
away
in
the
basement.
The
world
is
full
of
6
stamp
albums
and
unfinished
models,each
standing
as
a
monument
to
someone’s
7
interest.
When
parents
bring
home
a
pet,their
child
8
bathes
it
and
brushes
its
fur.
Within
a
short
time,however,the
9
of
caring
for
the
animal
is
handed
over
to
the
parents.
Adolescents
enter
high
school
with
great
10
but
are
soon
looking
forward
to
11
.
The
same
is
true
of
the
young
adults
going
to
college.
And
then,how
many
12,who
now
complain
(抱怨)
about
the
long
drives
to
work,13
drove
for
hours
at
a
time
when
they
first
14
their
driver’s
licenses(执照)?
Before
people
retire,they
usually
15
to
do
a
lot
of
16
things,which
they
never
had
17
to
do
while
working.
But
18
after
retirement,the
golfing,the
fishing,the
reading
and
all
of
the
other
pastimes
become
as
boring
as
the
jobs
they
19
.
And,like
the
child
in
January,they
go
searching
for
new
20
.
1.
A.
principle
B.
habitC.
wayD.
power
2.
A.
partiesB.
racesC.
countriesD.
ages
3.
A.
workingB.
livingC.
playingD.
going
4.
A.
confidenceB.
interestC.
anxietyD.
sorrow
5.
A.
sameB.
extraC.
funnyD.
expensive
6.
A.
well-organizedB.
colorfully-printedC.
newly-collectedD.
half-filled
7.
A.
broadB.
passingC.
differentD.
main
8.
A.
silentlyB.
impatientlyC.
gladlyD.
worriedly
9.
A.
promiseB.
burdenC.
rightD.
game
10.
A.
courageB.
calmnessC.
confusionD.
excitement
11.
A.
graduationB.
independenceC.
responsibilityD.
success
12.
A.
childrenB.
studentsC.
adultsD.
retirees
13.
A.
carefullyB.
eagerlyC.
nervouslyD.
bravely
14.
A.
requiredB.
obtainedC.
noticedD.
discovered
15.
A.
needB.
learnC.
startD.
plan
16.
A.
greatB.
strangeC.
difficultD.
correct
17.
A.
timeB.
moneyC.
skillsD.
knowledge
18.
A.
onlyB.
wellC.
evenD.
soon
19.
A.
lostB.
choseC.
leftD.
quit
20.
A.
petsB.
toysC.
friendsD.
colleagues
【文章大意】本文通过举例说明这样一个道理:各种形式的活动,如果人们经常做,都会产生厌倦情绪。
7.B
【解析】这些东西说明很多人曾经喜欢某一件事,结果半途而废。他们的兴趣是短暂的(passing)。故选B。
8.C
【解析】当父母带回家一只宠物时,孩子高兴地(gladly)给它洗澡、刷毛。
9.B
【解析】但是,过不了多久,照顾动物的重担(burden)又被移交给了父母。
10.D
【解析】青少年带着极大的兴奋之情(excitement)进入高中。
11.A
【解析】但是,不久他们就盼望着毕业(graduation)。
12.C
【解析】前句中的young
adults暗示下文谈论的是成年人。根据文意可知,抱怨每天开车上班花费时间长的人,应该是成年人。
13.
B
【解析】而当他们刚刚拿到驾照时,他们翘首企盼(eagerly)一次开好几个小时。eagerly"渴望地",符合文意。
【巧学妙记】
议论文是一种剖析事理、论述事物、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章。议论文的目的不仅是客观地解释事物,还力图说服读者相信并接受某一观点。议论文是高考完形填空题中较难的一种体裁,它一般由三个要素组成:论点、论据和结论。做好这类题的关键在于要抓住作者的论点。
议论文中对于论点的提出通常有三种形式:
1.
开门见山,直接提出论点
在有些议论文中作者开头就提出论点,通过论证,最后提出自己的看法,或提出另一个话题供大家讨论。一般来说,这种形式的议论文作者态度明确,我们也能很容易地把握作者对某一件事的看法。
2.
导入式提出论点
在有些议论文中,作者并不是直接提出自己的观点,而是通过对某一现象的论述来赞扬或批评某一事物,进而提出自己的观点,然后再用具体的论据去证明自己的观点。
3.
水到渠成式得出结论
在有些议论文中作者开头只是列举一系列生活中的现象,而不是表明自己的观点,通过对具体现象的分析,最后自然得出结论,而此结论就是文章的论点。
议论文形式的完形填空不像记叙文形式的完形填空那么有情景。因此,我们对整个文章的把握相对来说也难得多。解答这类题要遵循下列原则:
1.
从首尾句入手,抓住中心
议论文的写作思路一般为:提出问题→分析问题→解决问题。因此,文章的第一、二句话通常为文章的主题句,而文章的结尾句常为文章的结论。由此可见,我们必须充分利用文章的首尾句,推测出文章的中心,从而理解全文。
2.
紧扣信息词,把握作者观点
考生要弄清文章的行文逻辑,如转折关系、因果关系、递进关系、对比关系、让步关系、指代关系等。有时文章的第一、二段并不是作者的观点,而是对某个事物的介绍或描述,然后用信息词,如but,however,yet等将自己的观点引出,因此,阅读时一定要特别留意这些信息词。
3.
从语境入手,确定逻辑关系
句与句之间总要反映出因果、假设、条件、类推等逻辑关系。这些逻辑关系常常通过on
the
one
hand,on
the
other
hand,as
a
result,as
a
consequence,on
the
contrary,above
all,first
of
all,secondly,finally,in
case等单词或短语表达出来。但有时作者并不使用这些单词或短语,而是将逻辑关系暗含于文章中,这就需要考生根据语境来确定逻辑关系。
4.
理清文章的论点、论据和结论
如果我们连论点、论据、结论都没把握住的话,只能是漫无目的地选择答案了。一般说来,能说明论点的答案可以在论据里得到印证,且作为论点的某些答案也可以与论据有机地结合起来,使论点与论据相辅相承,从而使整篇文章上下一致。如果我们所选的答案前后矛盾,论点与论据相悖,最后的结论与论点自相矛盾,那就说明我们对文章的把握缺乏条理性和系统性,我们就需重新来理顺文章的各部分,直到条理清楚为止,然后再根据自己对文章的把握及各部分的逻辑关系选出答案。
Why
do
we
need
inspiration?
The
answer
is
purely
psychological.
According
to
a
magazine
on
1,by
the
time
a
child
reaches
the
age
of
18,the
concept
of
"No,you
can’t!"
has
been
strengthened
187
000
times,2
the
concept
of
"Yes,you
can!"
has
been
strengthened
3
about
25—30
times.
With
this
in
mind,it
is
no
4
that
so
many
people
grow
up
to
be
failures
or
less
than
successful.
Today’s
society
5
us
this
way.
We
simply
do
not
believe
we
can
win.
Personally,I
was
6
.
While
I
grew
up,my
parents,teachers
and
classmates
gave
me
tons
of
inspiration
and
7
to
pursue
my
creative
abilities
in
both
music
and
art.
My
wife
taught
in
public
school
for
over
three
decades,8
my
skills
and
knowledge
to
develop.
Although
we
are
by
no
9
financially
independent,by
working
at
home
and
being
10
to
our
three
children,I
feel
extremely
successful
in
my
quality
of
life.
I
have
always
believed
"true
living"
is
11
each
day
to
work
at
what
you
love
to
do
more
than
12
else
in
the
world.
But,most
people
become
programmed
—
work
hard
and
make
a
living
whether
they
13
doing
the
work
or
not
—
perhaps
at
the
14
of
life.
In
order
to
be
truly
15
financially,emotionally
and
spiritually,you’ve
got
to
be
filled
with
16
for
what
you
are
doing.
Talent
is
a
gift,but
it
must
first
be
17,then
developed.
Once
this
passion
grows
into
a
highly
trained
skill,you
will
become
an
extremely
knowledgeable
and
a
highly
18
specialist.
To
identify
your
talent,you
must
first
search
for
your
major
19
.
When
you
find
something
you
truly
love
doing,study
and
training
seem
20
.
1.A.psychologyB.
medicineC.
physicsD.
astronomy
2.A.sinceB.
whileC.
whenD.
until
3.A.alreadyB.
wellC.
stillD.
only
4.A.pointB.
wonderC.
doubtD.
sense
5.A.inspiresB.
excitesC.
programsD.
prevents
6.A.ambitiousB.
healthyC.
curiousD.
fortunate
7.A.encouragementB.
booksC.
demandsD.
comment
8.A.stoppingB.
helpingC.
allowingD.
limiting
9.A.methodB.
meansC.
wayD.
condition
10.A.familiarB.
availableC.
accessibleD.
affordable
11.A.wakingB.
workingC.
strugglingD.
enjoying
12.A.somethingB.
anythingC.
nothingD.
everything
13.A.keepB.
avoidC.
denyD.
like
14.A.mercyB.
rateC.
expenseD.
bottom
15.A.successfulB.
wealthyC.
capableD.
independent
16.A.strengthB.
hopeC.
concernD.
passion
17.A.developedB.
admittedC.
discoveredD.
invented
18.A.paidB.
skilledC.
experiencedD.
found
19.A.skillB.
problemC.
advantageD.
interest
20.A.worthlessB.
pricelessC.
effortlessD.
powerless
【文章大意】本文为议论文,议论的内容是我们都需要被激励,以便能在经济上、情感上以及精神上获得成功,从而过上自己喜欢的真正的生活。
1.A
【解析】考查语境选词。由上文中的"The
answer
is
purely
psychological"可知,此处表示有关心理学的杂志,故选A。medicine"医学",physics"物理学",astronomy"天文学"。
2.B
【解析】考查连词的用法。此处为两组数据"187
000
times"和"about
25—30
times"的对比,故用while。since表示原因,when表示时间,until"直到……",均不符合语境。
3.D
【解析】考查副词辨析。此处强调数量少,故用only,表示"Yes,
you
can!"仅被强化了25次到30次。此处与上文中的"‘No,you
can’t!’has
been
strengthened
187
000
times"构成对比。
7.A
【解析】考查名词辨析。由语境"While
I
grew
up,
my
parents,
teachers
and
classmates
gave
me
tons
of
inspiration
"可知,应用encouragement与inspiration相呼应。此处表示在我成长过程中,父母、老师、同学给了我很多鼓励。
8.C
【解析】考查动词辨析。此处讲述的是自己的幸运之处,因此用allow
sth.
to
do
sth.
符合语境。此处表示我的妻子在公立学校教书教了三十多年,使得我的知识和技能得到发展。
9.B
【解析】考查语境选词。由前面的介词by可知应用by
no
means"决不,一点也不"。此处表示我们在经济上没有独立。
10.B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据语境可知,此处指的是有空陪三个孩子。familiar"熟悉的";available
"可获得的,有空的";accessible"可到达的";affordable"买得起的"。结合语境可知选B。
11.A
【解析】考查语境选词。我一向认为真正的生活是每天醒来(wake)做自己喜欢做的事。按照生活常识可知一天是从醒来开始的。work"工作";struggle"努力";enjoy"喜欢",注意enjoy后不接不定式。
12.B
【解析】考查不定代词的用法。more
than
anything
else为常用表达,此处将喜欢的事情和世界上其他任何事情进行对比,表示我一向认为真正的生活是每天醒来做自己喜欢做的事而不是别的任何事情。
13.D
【解析】考查动词辨析。本段第一句可知我主张要做自己喜欢做的事情,此处讲的是另一类人的情况,他们不管自己喜欢(like)与否,就像被设定了程序一样,以自己的生命为代价努力为谋生而工作,故选D。
14.C
【解析】考查名词辨析。参考上题解析可知,此处表示以自己的生命为代价努力为谋生而工作。故选C。at
the
expense
of
."在牺牲……的情况下",at
the
mercy
of
."任由……摆布",at
the
bottom
of.
"在……的底部",at
the
rate
of."以……的速度"。
18.A
【解析】考查语境选词。一旦热情变为一项技能,你将成为非常博学的、待遇很高的专家。结合语境可知选A。
19.D
【解析】考查语境选词。由下文中的"When
you
find
something
you
truly
love
doing"可知,应用interest。此处表示要发现你的天赋,你需要首先找出你真正爱好的是什么。skill"技能",problem"问题",advantage"优势"。
20.C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。一旦你找到真正热爱做的事情,学习和训练似乎毫不费力(effortless)。worthless"无价值的";priceless"无价的";effortless"容易的,不需费力的";powerless"无影响力的"。
进步,在于总结。我在这,总结在哪儿?
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