初一英语下【定语从句】考点汇总,附专项练习题+答案详解!
定语从句在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。它的作用相当于形容词,被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词who, whom, whose which, that, as和关系副词when,wherewhy。
引导定语从句的关系词有三种作用:1连接主句和定语从句。2在意义上以某种适当形式代替先行词:关系代词本身相当于先行词,关系副词相当于“适当介词+先行词”。3在定语从句中充当一定的成分:关系代词that, which, who充当主语或宾语,whom充当宾语,whose充当定语;关系副词when, where why充当状语。
1.关系代词(1)who 指人,在定语从句中作主语,如:this is the person who once helped me. 这就是曾经帮助过我的那个人。the man who is talking to our teacher is mike’s father. 和我们老师谈话的那个人是迈克的父亲。
(2)whom 指人(在口语中可用who代替),在定语从句中作宾语。如:do you know the woman (whom) we met at the gate? 你认识我们在大门口遇见的那个妇女吗?the man (whom) you helped is myneighbor. 你帮助过的那个人是我的邻居。注:关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可省略。
(3)whose指人或物,在定语从句中作定语。如:the missing pilot whose name is wang wei is known as a hero of our country.失踪的名叫王伟的飞行员被认为是我们国家的英雄。do you know the student whose family is in beijing?你认识那个家住北京的学生吗?
(4)which 指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。(作宾语时可省略)a dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words. 词典是解释词的意义的书。(作主语)this is a book (which)i bought yesterday. 这就是我昨天买的那本书。(作宾语)注:which引导的定语从句还可以修饰前面的整个主句,此时which相当于and this。如:he won the first prize in the competition, which made his parents very happy.他在竞赛中获得一等奖,这使他的父母感到高兴。the weather turned out to be very fine, which was more than we could expect. 天气变晴了,这出乎我们的意料。
(5)that指物或人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,如:who is the person that is working at a computer? 在计算机上工作的那个人是谁?(作主语,指人)where is the dictionary (that/which)i bought last week?我上星期买的那本词典在哪呢?(作宾语,指物,可省略)this is the factory (that/which)ivisited the other day. 这就是我前两天参观的那家工厂。(作宾语,指物,可省略)
(6) 关系代词as1as 用作关系代词或关系副词,引导限制性定语从句,并在从句中作主语、表语、宾语或状语, 常用于such---as, the same ---as结构中。such books as you bought are useless.你买的这样的书都没有。(as 作宾语)the computeriboughtyesterday is the same as yours. 我昨天买的电脑和你的一样。(作表语)ishall do it in the same way as you did,你怎么做我就怎么做。(作状语)2as引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语、表语或宾语,说明整个主句;从句的位置可在主句前或主句后,常用逗号与主句隔开。as is often the case, mary was late for school again. 就像平常那样,玛丽又迟到了。(as 作主语)as we all know, taiwan is a part of china. 众所周知,台湾是中国的一部分。(作宾语)the experiment is very important, as indeed it is. 这个实验确实很重要。(作表语)
2.关系副词(1)when 指时间,在定语从句中作状语,其先行词是表示时间的名词(time,day, hour, year等)。如:october1, 1949 is the day when the people’s republic of china was found. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。iwill never forget the day whenijoined the league. 我永远忘不了我入团的那一天。特别提示:when是关系副词, 在从句中只能作为状语,而不能作主语或宾语。关系词在从句中作主语或宾语要用关系代词that 或which,作宾语时可以省略。istill remember the days (that/which)ispent in the countryside, 我还记得我在农村度过的日子。(关系词在从句中作宾语不能用when)
(2)where指地点,在宾语从句中作状语,其先行词表示地点的名词(place,room,house等)。如:is this the room where we were living last winter? 这就是我们去年冬天住的房间吗?this is the place where my father once worked.这就是我父亲曾工作过的地方。特别提示:不可因为被修饰的先行词是表示地点或处所的名词,就不加分析地一概用where来引导定语从句。只有关系词在从句中作地点状语时,才能用where否则不能。如:they worked in a factory that/which makes color tv set.他们在一家制造彩色电视机的工厂工作。(that/which 在从句中作主语,是关系代词)