如何区别besides和except beside和except的区别
1、except和besides都可解作“除……之外” 但含义不同。
except 表示“从所提到的人或事物中除去,即从整体中除去一部分”,表示递减的概念,含义是否定的。
besides表示“除了……之外,还有……”,指“在整体中加入一部分”,表示递加的概念,含义是肯定的。
试比较:
①we all went except him. 除他之外,我们都去了。(他没有去)
②we all went besides him. 除他之外,我们大家也都去了。(他也去了)
(1)besides常与other/more/else等词连用 ,except常与all/every/everyone/none/nobody/everything/nothing等总括词连用。
eg. he had other people to take care of besidesme.
all the students in class one went to the cinema except li ping.
(2)若句中没有实义动词do的某种形式,except后接动词不定式,而besides后接动词的-ing形式。
eg.i had no choice except to obey/besides obeying his order.
(3)若句中有实义动词do的某种形式,二者后面都可以接动词原形。
eg.she has nothing to do except/besides go with him.
(4)二者后面都可以接从句。
eg.①besides that he explained the theory he gave us some examples.
②he is a good student except that he sometimes comes late to school.
(5)except后面可接for(构成短语except for)或其他介词短语,而besides不能。
except for主要有三层含义:
①表示对整体主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定,起部分修正主要意思的作用。
eg.your composition is quite excellent except for several spelling mistakes.
②表示非同类事物进行比较。
eg.the street is empty except for several cars.
③置于句首,表达except的含义。
eg.except for this,everything is in order.
except for后接名(代)词,可以转移为except+从句或其他介词短语。
eg.the climate here is good except for some rainy days.(except when it rains;except that it sometimes rains;except on the rainy days)
注意:二者用于否定句时含义相同,意思是一样的。
eg. he did nothing besides (=except) this.
除这件事外,他什么事也没做。
2、apart from兼有besides和except for两种含义,后接名词、代词或动名词。
3、but含义与except相同,都表示递减的概念,二者在多数情况下可以互换,但用法稍有区别。
①except可以代替but,但but并不一定都可以代替except,如果句中有no、all、nobody、who、where等不定代词或疑问词时,多用but;后跟宾语从句时,多用except。
②but for含义有时与except for相同,但主要表示“要不是……”,常用于虚拟句,表示一种假设。
③but位置的变化会引起人称代词主、宾格的变化。
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