高考英语专题三阅读理解题型二话题突破高考命题21新闻报道类题

高考英语专题三阅读理解题型二话题突破高考命题21新闻报道类精选题本文简介：新闻报道类A(2018·安徽江淮十校三次联考)“Chinabecamethefirstcountrytocloneamonkeyusingnon-reproductivecells，”scientistssaidonThursday.ByDecember2017,theChineseAcademyo

高考英语专题三阅读理解题型二话题突破高考命题21新闻报道类精选题本文内容：

新闻报道类

A

(2018·安徽江淮十校三次联考)“China

became

the

first

country

to

clone

a

monkey

using

non-reproductive

cells，”

scientists

said

on

Thursday.

By

December

2017,the

Chinese

Academy

of

Sciences

had

created

two

cloned

macaques(猕猴)

by

nuclear

transferring

of

body

cells—any

cell

in

the

organism

other

than

reproductive

cells.

This

was

the

similar

technology

used

to

create

the

famous

cloned

sheep

Dolly

in

1996.

“Tetra,a

monkey

born

in

1999,is

the

world

s

first-ever

cloned

monkey,but

it

was

done

using

a

simpler

called

embryo

splitting(胚胎分裂),and

could

not

be

genetically

modified

to

suit

experimental

needs，”said

Pu

Muming,a

leading

researcher

at

the

Chinese

Academy

of

Sciences.“Cloning

a

monkey

using

body

cells

has

been

a

world-class

challenge

because

it

is

a

primate(灵长类)

that

shares

its

genetic

make-up,therefore

all

of

its

complexity,with

humans，”he

said.

“For

drug

and

other

lab

tests,scientists

have

to

purchase

monkeys

from

all

over

the

world,which

is

costly

bad

for

the

environment

and

produces

inaccurate

results

because

each

monkey

might

have

different

genes，”

Pu

said.

“By

cloning

monkey

using

body

cells,we

can

reproduce

a

large

number

of

genetically

identical

monkeys

in

a

short

amount

of

time,and

we

can

even

change

their

genes

to

suit

our

needs，”

he

added，“This

can

save

time,cut

down

experiment

costs,and

produce

more

accurate

results,leading

to

more

effective

medicine.”

Sun

Qiang,director

of

the

non-human

primate

research

facility

at

the

institute,said

most

of

the

drug

trials

are

currently

done

on

lab

mice.

However,drugs

that

work

on

mice

might

not

work

or

even

have

severe

side

effects

on

humans

because

the

two

species

are

so

different.

Monkeys

and

humans

are

both

primates,so

they

are

much

closely

related

and

testing

on

monkeys

is

supposed

to

be

as

effective

as

testing

on

humans.

This

achievement

will

help

China

lead

the

world

research

in

an

international

science

project

related

to

the

study

of

primate

brains.

1．Which

description

of

the

two

cloned

macaques

is

true?

A．They

were

the

first

monkeys

ever-cloned

in

the

world.

B．They

were

created

using

reproductive

cells.

C．They

would

be

fed

to

suit

experimental

needs.

D．The

technology

used

to

create

them

was

similar

to

that

of

creating

Dolly.

2．The

underlined

word

in

the

fourth

paragraph

is

closest

to

“________”

in

meaning.

A．same

B．similar

C．relevant

D．close

3．What

can

be

learned

from

the

passage?

A．Pu

Muming

and

Sun

Qiang

were

doing

most

work

in

cloning

the

two

macaques.

B．Genetic

research

on

monkeys

can

be

seen

as

effective

as

that

on

humans.

C．Most

drug

trials

have

been

done

on

mice

because

mice

share

the

same

genetic

make-up

and

complexity

with

humans.

D．Scientists

can

reproduce

mass

cloned

monkeys

to

cut

down

experiment

costs.

4．This

passage

above

can

be

most

probably

read

in

________.

A．a

science

magazine

B．a

guidebook

C．a

science

fiction

D．a

brochure

答案：【语篇解读】

本文是一篇新闻报道。报道了中国在生命科学中所取得的突破——成功克隆了两只猕猴。

1．D

解析：细节理解题。本题题干意为：对于两只克隆猕猴的描述哪项是正确的？根据第一段最后一句(这项科学技术和1996年用于克隆羊多莉的技术类似。)可知答案为D项。根据第二段第一句(1999年出生的猴子Tetra是世界上第一只克隆猴……)可排除A项(它们是世界上最先被克隆出来的猴子)；第一段第一句中“using

non-reproductive

cells”与B项中的“using

reproductive

cells”相悖，故排除B项；C项(它们会被喂养以满足实验需要)在文中未提及，故排除。

2．A

解析：词义猜测题。本题题干意为：第四段中的画线词在意思上与________最接近？第三段提到：为了研发药物和进行其他实验测试，科学家们不得不在世界各地购买猴子，这样不仅成本高，对环境不利，并且由于买来的这些猴子基因不同，还会使得测试结果也不精确。第四段介绍说：通过体细胞克隆猴子可以解决这个问题，即在短期内大规模培养出相同基因的猴子，由此可知identical的意思是“相同的”，故答案为A项。

3．B

解析：细节理解题。本题题干意为：从文中可以得知什么？根据最后一段第一句“Monkeys

and

humans

are

both

primates，so

they

are

much

closely

related

and

testing

on

monkeys

is

supposed

to

be

as

effective

as

testing

on

humans.”(猴子与人都属于灵长类动物，所以他们关系非常密切，对猴子有效的测试应该同样适用于人类。)可知答案为B项。

4．A

解析：文章出处题。本题题干意为：上面这篇文章最可能在________被读到。本文报道的是在克隆方面所取得的科研成果，应该出自科学杂志，故答案为A项。

B

(2018·高考考前适应性考试)Students

at

the

Florida

high

school

where

17

people

were

shot

dead

in

February

of

2018

are

being

asked

to

wear

clear

backpacks.

School

officials

have

written

to

families

of

Marjory

Stoneman

Douglas

High

pupils

outlining

the

plans

as

part

of

new

security

measures.

They

say

any

student

without

a

clear

backpack

will

be

given

one

at

no

cost.

As

well

as

introducing

the

transparent

backpacks

for

quicker

safety

checks,there

will

also

be

airport-style

metal

detectors

and

school

visitors

will

pass

through

special

gates.

“We

re

going

to

man

every

gate

at

the

school

during

school

hours

and

for

after-school

activities，”

said

the

superintendent

of

Broward

County

Public

Schools,Robert

W.

Runcie.

Since

the

shooting

when

Nikolas

Cruz

opened

fire

killing

17

people,students

there

have

been

leading

calls

for

gun

re.

Donald

Trump

has

told

US

politicians

he

wants

tougher

laws

with

“really

strong

background

checks”，

while

he

s

faced

anger

from

anti-gun

groups

for

suggesting

training

school

staff

to

use

firearms.

In

the

last

few

days,safety

at

Marjory

Stoneman

Douglas

High

has

been

called

into

question

again

after

several

security

breaches(违反).

Three

students

were

arrested

on

Tuesday,two

for

carrying

knives

and

one

for

making

threats

on

Snapchat.

Some

parents

have

become

so

worried

that

they

ve

been

keeping

their

children

off

school.

“We

ve

got

to

put

things

into

place

now，”

Mr.

Runcie

said.

1．Which

is

a

new

security

measure

of

the

school?

A．Teachers

are

trained

to

use

firearms.

B．Guards

are

hired

to

monitor

the

students.

C．Visitors

are

forbidden

to

enter

the

school.

D．Students

are

required

to

wear

clear

backpacks.

2．What

can

we

know

about

the

school

shooting

from

the

text?

A．The

gunman

was

a

school

staff

member.

B．One

of

the

victims

was

named

Nikolas

Cruz.

C．Seventeen

people

were

shot

dead

on

campus.

D．Someone

unknown

broke

in

and

opened

fire.

3．Some

parents

have

become

worried

because

________.

A．three

students

were

badly

hurt

B．the

school

takes

few

safety

measures

C．they

received

a

letter

from

the

teacher

D．there

are

still

safety

problems

at

the

school

4．What

is

the

students

attitude

toward

firearms?

A．They

call

for

changes

of

gun

laws.

B．They

are

against

the

school

s

stricter

rules.

C．They

defend

their

right

to

possess

weapons.

D．They

approve

of

Donald

Trump

s

suggestion.

答案：【语篇解读】

本文是一篇新闻报道。2018年2月美国佛罗里达高中学生被枪杀事件后，学校采取了一些安保措施。但校园安全仍存在问题，这让家长们很担心。

1．D

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Students

at

the

Florida

high

school

where

17

people

were

shot

dead

in

February

of

2018

are

being

asked

to

wear

clear

backpacks.”和第二段中的“introducing

the

transparent

backpacks

for

quicker

safety

checks”可知为了避免学生遭遇意外，学校采取的一项新的安全措施就是要求学生背清晰的背包，故选D项。

2．C

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的定语从句“where

17

people

were

shot

dead

in

February

of

2018”和第四段“Since

the

shooting

when

Nikolas

Cruz

opened

fire

killing

17

people,students

there

have

been

leading

calls

for

gun

re.”可知2018年2月有17名学生在校园被枪杀，故选C项。

3．D

解析：推理判断题。根据最后两段中的“In

the

last

few

days,safety

at

Marjory

Stoneman

Douglas

High

has

been

called

into

question

again

after

several

security

breaches(违反)．

Some

parents

have

become

so

worried

that

they

ve

been

keeping

their

children

off

school.”和“We

ve

got

to

put

things

into

place

now”可知现在学校安全仍然存在问题，这让家长们很担心。故选D项。

4．A

解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“Since

the

shooting

when

Nikolas

Cruz

opened

fire

killing

17

people,students

there

have

been

leading

calls

for

gun

re.”可知校园发生枪击事件后，学生们一直在呼吁进行枪支改革。故选A项。