中考英语复习十短语动词和句型的考点讲解和训练
中考英语复习十短语动词和句型的考点讲解和训练本文简介:【考点直击】1.短语动词的辨析;2.英语句子的基本句型结构;3.初中阶段主要句型的用法。【名师点睛】短语动词是中考的重要内容之一。在初中阶段,我们已经学习了不少短语动词,把他们加以归纳总结,进行重点复习是十分必要的。英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体,其用法有的相当于及物动词,有的相当于不及物动
中考英语复习十短语动词和句型的考点讲解和训练本文内容:
【考点直击】
1.短语动词的辨析;
2.英语句子的基本句型结构;
3.初中阶段主要句型的用法。
【名师点睛】
短语动词是中考的重要内容之一。在初中阶段,我们已经学习了不少短语动词,把他们加以归纳总结,进行重点复习是十分必要的。英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体,其用法有的相当于及物动词,有的相当于不及物动词,有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。
1.短语动词的分类
(1)动词+介词
常见的有look
for,look
after,ask
for,laugh
at,hear
of等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如:
Don’t
laugh
at
thers.
Tom
asked
his
parents
for
a
bike.
(2)动词+副词
常见的有give
up,pick
up,think
over,find
out,hand
in,等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词前边,又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前边。如:
You’ll
hand
in
your
home
work
tomorrow.
Please
don’t
forget
to
hand
it
in.
(3)动词+副词+介词
常见的有go
on
with,catch
up
with等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如:
Go
on
andI
’ll
catch
up
with
you
in
five
minutes.
After
a
short
rest,he
went
on
with
his
research
work.
(4)动词+名词+介词
常见的有take
careo
f,make
use
of,pay
attention
to,make
fun
of等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如:
You
should
pay
attention
to
your
hand
writing.
We
should
make
full
use
of
our
time.
(5)动词+形容词
常见的有leave
open,set
free,cut
open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,则宾语可放在形容词的前边,也可放在后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则必须放在形容词前边。如:
The
prisoners
were
set
free.
He
cut
it
open.
(6)动词+名词
常见的有take
place,make
friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如:
This
story
took
place
three
years
ago.
I
make
friends
with
a
lot
of
people.
2.短语动词的辨析
(1)be
made
in(在……生产或制造),be
made
of(由……组成或构成)
(2)come
down(下来;落),come
along(来;随同),come
to
oneself(苏醒),come
true(实现),come
out(花开;发芽;出现;出来),come
over(过来;顺便来访),come
in(进来),come
on(来吧;跟着来;赶快),come
up
with(找到;提出)
(3)do
one’s
best(尽最大努力),do
well
in(在……干得好),do
one’s
homework(做作业),do
some
reading(阅读)
(4)fall
asleep(入睡),fall
behind(落在…后面),fall
off(从……掉下),fall
down(到下;跌倒)
(5)get
down(下来;落下),get
on(上车),get
to(到达),get
up(起床),get
back(回来;取回),get
off(下来),get
on
well
with(与……相处融洽),get
married(结婚),get
together(相聚)
(6)give
up(放弃),give…a
hand(给与……帮助),give
a
concert(开音乐会)
(7)go
back(回去),go
on(继续),go
home(回家),go
to
bed(睡觉),go
over(过一遍;仔细检查),go
out(外出;到外面),go
wrong(走错路),go
on
doing(继续做某事),go
shopping(买东西),go
boating(去划船),go
fishing(去钓鱼),go
hiking(去徒步旅行),go
skating(去滑冰),go
straight
along(沿着……一直往前走)
(8)have
a
look(看一看),have
a
seat(坐下),have
supper(吃晚餐),have
a
rest(休息),have
sports(进行体育活动),have
a
cold(感冒),have
a
cough(咳嗽),have
a
good
time(过得愉快),have
a
headache(头痛),have
a
try(尝试;努力)
(9)look
for(寻找),look
out(留神;注意),look
over(仔细检查),look
up(向上看;抬头看),look
after(照顾;照看),look
at(看;观看),look
like(看起来像),look
the
same(看起来像),
(10)make
friends(交朋友),make
phone
calls(打电话),make
money(赚钱),make
the
bed(整理床铺),make
a
noise(吵闹),make
a
faces(做鬼脸),make
one’s
way
to(往……走去),make
room
for(给……腾出地方),make
a
decision(做出决定),make
a
mistake(犯错误),make
up
one’s
mind(下决心)
(11)put
on(上演;穿上;戴上),pu
tup(挂起;举起),put
down(把某物放下来),put
away(把某物收起来),put
off(推迟)
(12)take
off(脱掉衣服),take
photos(照相),take
time(花费时间),take
out(取出),take
a
seat(坐下),take
an
active
part
in(积极参加),take
care
of(照顾;照料;注意),take
rcise(做运动),take
one’sp
lace(坐某人的位置;代替某人的职务),take
turn(轮流)
(13)talk
about(谈话;交谈),talk
with(和……交谈)
(14)turn
on(打开电灯,收音机,煤气,自来水等),turn
off(关上电灯,收音机,煤气,自来水等),turn
down(关小;调低),turn…over(把…翻过来)
(15)think
of(认为;想起),think
about(考虑)
3.句子的基本句型结构
根据句子所用动词的不同,句子可归纳为五个基本句型。
(1)主语+连系动词+表语。例如:
My
mother
is
a
doctor.
Her
voice
sounds
nice.
(2)主语+不及物动词。例如:
He
runs
fast.
We
study
hard.
(3)主语+及物动词+宾语。例如:
Children
of
ten
sing
this
song.
He
studies
nglish.
1)常用-ing形式,而不用不定式作宾语的动词有:enjoy,finish,feel
like,consider,practise,keep,suggest,mind等。例如:
She
enjoys
reading
novels
and
swimming.
2)常用不定式,而不用-ing形式作宾语的动词有:wish,hope,agree,plan,decide,refuse等。例如:
Where
do
you
wish
to
sit?
Tom
agreed
to
lend
me
some
money.
3)有些及物动词既可用不定式,由可用-ing形式作宾语,但意义不同。这类动词常见的有:remember,forget等。例如:
Please
remember
to
post
the
letter
for
me.
请记住替我发了这封信。
I
remember
posting
the
letter.
我记得那封信寄过了。
Stop的用法同上面的词相仿,不过stop后面跟不定式不是作宾语,而是作状语。试比较下列句子:
He
stopped
to
smoke.他停下来吸烟。
He
stopped
smoking.他停止吸烟了。
4)有些及物动词的宾语,既可用不定式,又可用-ing形式,意义基本相同。这类动词常见的有:like,love,hate,begin,start,continue等。例如:
I
like
to
swim
insummer.
Ilikeswimminginsummer.
(4)主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。例如:
My
father
bought
me
a
new
bike.
He
gave
me
an
apple.
1)及物动词之后跟有双宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物。指人的为间接宾语,
指物的为直接宾语。一般情况下,间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后。如果要
把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后,间接宾语前需加介词。例如:
Please
pass
me
a
cup
of
tea.=Please
pass
a
cup
of
tea
to
me.
Show
me
your
newbook,please.=Please
show
your
newbook
to
me.
2)把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后,间接宾前有时加介词to,有时加介词for,这主要取决于谓语动词。一般在动词give,tell,sell,lend,show之后加to。在动词buy,make,get等之后加for。例如:
Would
you
lend
me
your
dictionary,please?=Would
you
you
re
your
dictionary
to
me,please?
Tom’smother
bought
him
a
pair
of
new
shoes.=Tom’smother
bought
a
pair
of
news
hoes
for
him.
(5)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语。例如:
We
keep
our
classroom
clean
and
tidy.
I
hear
someone
singing
in
the
next
room.
1)及物动词指后跟有复合宾语,一个是宾语,一个是宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。例如:
We
call
him
Jack.
Don’t
get
your
hands
dirty.
2)在及物动词之后,用不定式作宾语补足语和用-ing形式作宾语补足语表示
的意思往往不同。用不定式作宾语补足语指事情的全过程;用-ing形式作
宾语补足语指正在进行的动作的一部分。例如:
I
heard
him
sing
that
song.(我听他唱过那首歌。)
When
I
came
back,I
heard
him
singing
in
the
room.
(我回来时,听见他正在房间里唱歌。)
3)在感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,listento,look
at使役动词let,make,have等的复合宾语种,不定式须省去to。但变为被动句时,省去的to要加上。例如:
I
saw
him
going
to
the
room.
He
was
seen
to
going
to
the
room.