中考英语语法汇总动词同步练习
中考英语语法汇总动词同步练习本文简介:中考英语语法汇总:动词同步练习(三)经典例题解析1.Teresasawmeandstopped___________awordwithme.A.havingB.tohaveC.beinghadD.tohavehad2.Peterwasseen___________thistimeyesterday.
中考英语语法汇总动词同步练习本文内容:
中考英语语法汇总:动词同步练习
(三)经典例题解析
1.
Teresa
saw
me
and
stopped
___________
a
word
with
me.
A.
having
B.
to
have
C.
being
had
D.
to
have
had
2.
Peter
was
seen
___________
this
time
yesterday.
A
.to
write
B.
writes
C.
writing
D.
wrote
3.
The
doctor
told
the-overweight
girl
________
less
unhealthy
food,if
she
wanted
_______
healthy.
A.
to
eat.
keeping
B.
to
have.to
keep
C.
eating.
keeping
D.
having.to
keep
4.
My
ambition
is
_______
a
CEO
in
the
future.
A.
/
B.
to
be
C.
being
to
become
D.
will
be
5.
We
can
see
steam
________
from
the
wet
clothes
if
they
_________
near
a
fire.
A.
raising.
are
hung
B.
rising.
are
hung
C.
to
raise…are
hanged
D.
to
rise…are
hanged
6.
Everyone
__________
the
Spring
Festival
especially
the
kids,because
they
can
get
money
in
red
packets.
A.
enjoy
B.
enjoys
C.
is
enjoying
D.
are
enjoying
7.
If
Jerry
__________
tomorrow,he
____________
his
job.
A.
doesn
t
go
to
work.will
lose
B.
goes
to
work.will
lose
C.
won
t
go
to
work.loses
D.
will
go
to
work.loses
8.
People
_________
to
talk
loudly
in
the
library.
A.
are
allowed
B.
are
not
allowed
C.
allowed
D.
don
t
allow
9.
Look,Mike
_______
a
heron
on
the
blackboard.
He_______
it
just
now.
A.
is
drawing.drew
B.
drew.was
drawing
C.
has
drawn.
drew
D.
had
drawn.was
drawing
10.
It
was
generous
________
him
________
$1,000,000
to
the
Red
Cross
for
the
victims
of
the
Tsunami.
A.
for.to
donate
B.
of.to
donate
C.
for.donating
D.
of.donating
1.
【解析】答案是B。stop
to
do
sth.和stop
doing
sth.意思不同。前者为停下去做另一件事,后者为停止正在做的事。而整个句子的意思为:特丽莎看见了我以后停下来聊了一会儿。所以答案B是正确的。
2.
【解析】答案是C。在主动语态中,我们常用see
sb.
do/doing
sth.的形式。被动语态时就应该为:sb.
be
seen
to
do/doing
sth.。由于此句中有时间状语this
time
yesterday所限制,所以答案只能是C。
3.【解析】答案是B。动词tell的用法为:tell
sb.
to
do/not
to
do
sth.。而动词want的用法为want
to
do
sth.。能同时满足这两个条件的只有B。所以答案B是唯一正确的。
4.【解析】答案是B。动名词和不定式可以用作表语。四个被选项中,只有B是不定式的形式。所以答案B是正确的。
5.【解析】答案是B。这句中首先要区分rise(不及物动词)和raise(及物动词)。及物动词一定要跟宾语。其次动词hang的过去式和过去分词有两种不同的形式。hang/hanged/hanged意思为“上吊”;而hang/hung/hung意思为“悬挂”。所以答案B是正确的。
6.【解析】答案是B。everyone意思为每个人;人人,所有的人。所跟的动词要用单数的形式。而用代词或反身代词时看作名词的复数形式,如例句中用了they。所以答案B是正确的。
7.【解析】答案是A。从结构来看,这是一句真实的条件状语从句。我们常在if引导条件句中用一般现在时来代替一般将来时,主句用一般将来时。所以答案A是正确的。
8.【解析】
答案是B。allow这类动词的用法为allow
sb.
to
do
sth.为主动语态。根据句意应用被动语态,即sb.
be
allowed
to
do
sth.的结构。所以答案B是正确的。
9.【解析】
答案是C。此句中有两个提示语。他们分别是look和just
now。一般情况下,提示语look出现时大都用现在进行时;just
now出现时大都用一般过去时。但是根据上下文的意思,此句的意思为:麦克已经在黑板上画了一只鹭,是刚才画的。所以答案C是正确的。
10.【解析】
答案是B。形容词generous的意思为大方的、慷慨的。它可以用来表示主语的特征,用于It+
be+形容词+of+名词或代词+不定式的结构中。而在It+
be+形容词+
for+名词或代词+不定式的结构中,for+名词或代词作不定式的逻辑主语,表示不定式所表示动作的特征。所以四个被选项中只有答案B是正确的。
中考英语语法汇总:动词语法讲解
(一)动词概述
动词是表示人或事物的动作、存在、变化的词。分析95年至今的中考不难发现,动词部分主要考查学生对主动结构中各个时态的运用。一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时和现在完成时出现的概率较高。而被动语态主要是考一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和情态动词的被动语态。
(二)基础知识梳理
1.动词的种类
根据其词义和其在谓语中的作用可分为实义动词、助动词和情态动词。根据其在句子中的功用可分为及物动词和不及物动词,连系动词界于两者之间。
1)实义动词:意义完全,能独立用作谓语。如:enable,watch,run,open等。
2)连系动词:是一个表示谓语关系的动词。它必须在后面接表语(通常为名词或形容词)。如:seem,look,smell,taste,sound,get,become,turn,be等。
3)助动词:本身没有词汇意义。不能单独用作谓语。在句中与实义动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气以及否定和疑问结构。如:do,does,did等。
4)情态动词:词义不完全。在句中不能单独作谓语,只能与实义动词一起构成谓语。如:can,may,must,need,ought
to等。
2.动词的时态:
时态
常用的提示语
一般现在时
always,usually,sometimes,often,every,once
a
week,in
the
morning,in
December,in
spring,on
Mondays等。
一般过去时
ago,just
now,before
2005,yesterday,last
Friday,once,the
other
day,those
days,once
upon
a
time,long
before等。
一般将来时
tomorrow,the
coming.
,in
the
future,next
Tuesday,in
two
hours,some
day,soon,before
long,this
evening等。
现在进行时
now,at
the
moment,look,listen,be
quite,these
days,still等。
过去进行时
this
time
yesterday,at
that
time,from
9
to
11
last
Friday,when,while等。
现在完成时
since,for,already,yet,just,in
the
past
few
years/
months,in
the
last
few
weeks/months/days等。
过去完成时
by
the
end
of
last
term/month/year,by
yesterday,by
2004,by
last
Monday等。
过去将来时
大都出现在主句动词为一般过去时的宾语从句中。
有些动词所表示的动作即便在说话时正在进行,也不能用进行时。这些动词通常表示情感、想法、感觉或所属。
表示情感的动词:like,dislike,love,hate.
表示想法的动词:believe,know,want,mean,understand,remember.
表示感觉的动词:feel,see,hear,taste,smell.
表示所属的动词:belong,own,have.
有些动词常用进行时表示将来,如:come,go,leave,arrive。
3.动词的被动语态
英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才有被动语态。它的基本结构为:助动词be+及物动词的过去分词。所有的时态变化在助动词be上。以动词sing为例。
时态/语态
主动语态
被动语态
一般现在时
Jay
sings
many
songs
every
year.
Many
songs
are
sung
by
Jay
every
year.
一般过去时
Jay
sang
many
songs
last
year.
Many
songs
were
sung
by
Jay
last
year.
一般将来时
Jay
will
sing/
is
going
to
sing
many
songs
this
year.
Many
songs
will
be
sung/are
going
to
be
sung
by
Jay
this
year.
现在进行时
Jay
is
singing
an
English
song.
An
English
song
is
being
sung
by
Jay.
过去进行时
Jay
was
singing
a
song
just
now.
A
song
was
being
sung
by
Jay
just
now.
现在完成时
Jay
has
sung
lots
of
songs
in
the
past
few
years.
Lots
of
songs
have
been
sung
by
Jay
in
the
past
few
years.
过去完成时
Jay
had
sung
plenty
of
songs
by
last
year.
Plenty
of
songs
had
been
sung
by
Jay
by
last
year.
过去将来时
Jay
said
he
would
sing
more
songs
in
the
future.
Jay
said
more
songs
would
be
sung
in
the
future.
情态动词的被动语态为:情态动词+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词。
4.动词的不定式
动词不定式是不受主语、人称以及时态、语态影响的形式。其基本形式为:to+动词原形。它在句中可以充当除谓语以外的一切成分。
1)不定式作主语
不定式可在句中作主语。在绝大部分情况下用it作形式主语,不定式放在后面。It
is.to
do
sth./it
takes.sb.+to
do
sth./it
is+形容词+for
sb.
to
do
sth,/it
is十形容词+
of
sb.
to
do
sth.
2)不定式作宾语
有些动词后面只能跟不定式作宾语。初中阶段常见的有agree,apply,afford,choose,dare,decide,determine,expect,manage,offer,pretend,prepare,refuse,want。如:decide
to
do,manage
to
do,pretend
to
do。
有些动词后面要用动词+形式宾语+补足语+不定式。如初中阶段常见的有:feel,find,make,think。如:make
it
important,find
it
interesting,feel
it
easy,think
it
impossible。
有些动词后面要用动词+宾语+不定式。初中阶段常见的有:allow,ask,expect,invite,order,persuade,teach,tell,want,,warn,would
like。如:allow
sb.
to
do
sth.,ask
sb.
to
do
sth.,want
sb.
to
do
sth.。
3)省略to的不定式
在一些表示感官,使役意义的动词后的不定式要省略to。如:see,watch,notice,hear,listen
to,let,make,have
一些固定短语后面的不定式要省略to。如:had
better
do.
would
rather
do.
4)动词接不定式作宾语与接动名词作宾语的区别在一些表示感官的动词后(see,watch,notice,hear,listen
to)用不定式表示完成的动作或经常发生的动作,而用动名词则表示一个正在进行的动作。
有些动词后跟不定式作宾语表示动作还没有发生,跟动名词则表示动作已发生。如:remember,forget,stop等。
5.动名词
动名词具有名词的功能,在句子中可充当主语、宾语和表语。
1)有些动词后面只能跟动名词作宾语。如:avoid,admit,deny,enjoy,finish,keep,mind,practice,risk
2)一些固定短语中。如:be
busy,be
worth,can
t
help
3)一些以介词结尾的动词短语。如:give
up,be
afraid
of,be
used
to,pay
attention
to,look
forward
to.
4)在一些固定句型中。如:it
s
a
waste
of
time
doing.,it
s
no
use
doing.
八种否定形式
一、完全否定
英语中的完全否定可以用not,no,never,none,nobody,nothing,neither.nor,nowhere等表示。如:
1.Nothing
is
difficult
for
him.
没什么难得到他。
2.Mary
never
has
beef.
玛丽从来不吃牛肉。
3.Neither
answer
is
correct.
两种答案都不对。
二、部分否定
英语中表示“全体”意义的代词,形容词或副词。如:all,both,altogether,always,completely,every
day,everyone,everything,everywhere,every,everybody,many,often等与not搭配时,通常表示部分否定,意思是“并非都是”“不完全是”“不是每个都是”等。例如:
1.Not
everyone
was
amused
by
these
April
Fool
s
jokes.
并不是每个人都觉得这些玩笑有趣。
2.Food
likes
and
dislikes
do
not
always
seem
related
to
nutrition.
对食物的好恶似乎并不总与营养有关。
比较:Nothing
makes
him
happy.(全部否定)没有哪一件事情让他开心。
Not
everything
makes
him
happy.(部分否定)并不是每一件事都让他开心。
None
of
the
students
went
to
visit
the
science
museum
last
week.(完全否定)上周没有一个学生去参观科技博物馆。
Not
all
of
the
students
went
to
visit
the
science
museum
last
week.(部分否定)上周并不是所有的学生都去参观了科技博物馆。
三、几乎否定(半否定)
一些半否定词表否定之意。他们不可再与否定词连用,他们与谓语肯定式连用,构成几乎否定句。如:hardly,scarcely,seldom,little,few等词。例如:
1.I
could
hardly
hear
what
he
said.
我几乎没听见他说了什么。
2.There
is
little
water
in
the
bottle,isn
t
there?
瓶子里几乎没有水,不是吗?
四、双重否定
双重否定句由not
+
具有否定意义的词构成,形成“否定+否定=肯定”的语言效果。双重否定可以表示强调,也可以表示委婉的含义。例如:
1.Her
name
can
t
escape
me
forever.
我永远忘不了她的名字。
2.The
songs
never
fail
to
make
the
children
smile.
这些歌曲一向都能使孩子微笑。
五、转移否定
转移否定,即句中的否定虽然出现在谓语部分,否定范围却不在主句谓语动词本身,而转移到了句子中的宾语、状语或其他成分上。这种形式在初中比较常见的有以下两种情况:
1.转移否定多用于表思维活动
如:believe(相信),expect(期望),hope(希望),imagine(想象),think(认为)等。
例如:I
don
t
think
he
will
pass
the
exam.
我认为他考试会不及格的。
2.主句的谓语动词是表感觉的系动词,通常也用于转移否定句
这类动词有:seem(好像),feel(感觉),appear(出现),look
like(看起来像)等。例如:
It
doesn
t
look
like
it
s
going
to
rain.=It
looks
like
it
isn
t
going
to
rain.
好象不会下雨。
No
matter
how
hard
he
studies,he
never
seems
to
be
able
to
pass
the
exam.
不管他多么努力的学习,他似乎永远也考不及格。
六、运用某些结构表达否定意义
1.too.to
太……而不能
He
is
too
tired
to
walk.
他太累了,走不动了。
2.more
A
than
B(与其B不如A)或more
than
+含有can的从句
例如:The
young
man
is
more
brave
than
wise.
这年轻人有勇无谋。
The
gratitude
for
your
help
is
more
than
I
can
express.
对于你给我的感激之情我无法言表。
3.prefer
to
do
sth
rather
than
do
sth
宁愿(喜欢)……而不愿……,例如:
He
prefers
to
write
his
letters
rather
than
dictate
them.
他喜欢自己写信而不愿口授自己的信。
七、运用含否定意义的词或词组表否定意义
1.动词短语表否定意义,如:
differ
from
与……不同
prefer.to.
喜欢……而不喜欢……
keep/prevent/stop/protect
.
from
阻止,使……不
keep
off
不接近,
不让……接近
lose
sight
of
看不见
例如:
The
Great
Green
Wall
stops
the
sand
from
moving
to
the
rich
land
in
the
south.
绿色长城阻止了风沙吹向南方肥沃的田地。
He
lost
sight
of
his
wife
and
went
away
alone.
他没看见他的妻子,独自走了。
Sally
prefers
singing
to
dancing.
莎丽喜欢唱歌而不喜欢跳舞。
2.动词表否定意义
如,absent(缺席),fail(不及格),refuse(拒绝),miss(未赶上,错过),escape(被……忘掉)等。例如:
Why
did
you
absent
yourself
from
school
yesterday?
昨天你为什么不来上学?
He
missed
the
9:30
train
and
therefore
missed
the
accident.
他没赶上9:30的那班火车,也因此而逃过那次车祸.
3.介词表否定意义
without(无,没有),against(反对),beyond(超出,无法),except/but(除……外),past(超过),off(离开),above(超出……之外)等。例如:
I
can
t
finish
the
work
without
your
help.
没有你的帮助,我完不成这工作。
His
conduct
has
always
been
above
suspicion.
他的行为一直无可置疑。
His
stupidity
is
past
all
belief.
他的愚蠢简直不可思义。
八、运用连词before
unless等引导的状语表否定意义
例如:
WangWei
went
to
bed
before
he
finished
his
homework.
王伟没完成作业就睡觉了。
Unless
you
put
on
your
overcoat,you
ll
catch
a
cold.
如果你不穿大衣,你就会感冒。