高考常考的定语从句八大类

高考常考的定语从句八大类

定语从句是高中阶段英语学习的一个重点，也是学习的一个难点，更是高考英语常考的一个内容。定语从句在高考各个题型中都会涉及到，掌握定语从句对于语言理解具有相当重要的意义。定语从句在高考单项填空试题考查中，大多考查引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词，区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。总结最近十年来高考单项填空试题中所考查到的定语从句，发现常考的一共有八种类型，本文将对此作一小结。

第一种类型：考查which引导的非限制性定语从句

which指代整个主句的内容，它引导的定语从句一般位于主句的后面，它的意思是“这(那)件事……”，在这些从句中which作主语或宾语。如：

1. Jim passed the driving test, _________ surprised everybody in the office. (浙江卷)

A. which B. that C. this D. it

2. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _________, of course, made the others envy him.(天津卷)

A. who B. that C. what D. which

解析：which引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语。答案分别为AD。

第二种类型：考查as引导的非限制性定语从句

as也可指代整个主句的内容，但不同于which的是，它引导的定语从句既可以位于主句的前面，也可以位于主句的后面。它的意思是“正如”，在这些从句中as 作主语或宾语。如：

1. _________ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. (浙江卷)

A. When B. After C. As D. Since

2. _________ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the countries are making progress. (北京卷)

A. It B. As C. That D. What

3. _________ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. (江苏卷)

A. Which B. When C. What D. As

解析：引导非限制性定语从句且位于主句之前，用as引导。答案分别为CBD。

第三种类型：考查由“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句

用于这种情况的关系代词一般为which(指物)和whom(指人)。在这种结构中，介词的选择非常关键，可以遵循以下四个原则：(1)根据定语从句中的谓语动词确定介词，其动词与介词搭配，构成动词短语。(2)根据定语从句中的形容词确定介词，其形容词与介词搭配，构成形容词短语。(3)根据定语从句修饰的先行词确定介词，其先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方法、工具等的词，它们与介词之间有一定的联系。当“介词＋关系代词”在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语时，可分别用when, where, why替换。(4)根据句子的意思确定介词。有些句子，先行词完全一样，定语从句中谓语动词不是由固定的动词短语构成的，这时，要根据句子所要表达的意思，选用不同的介词。如：

1. He was educated at a local grammar school, _________ he went on to Cambridge. (山东卷)

A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this

2. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _________ they are being trained. (江西卷)

A. in thatB. for that C. in which D. for which

3. I have many friends, some _________ are businessmen. (全国卷I)

A. of themB. from which　 C. who of D. of whom

4. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, _________ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students’ Union. (2005年重庆卷)

A. during which time B. for which time

C. during whose time D. by that time

解析：第1题选C，after which 指“在此之后”；第2题选D，考查的对应搭配是be trained for the jobs。第3题选D，some of whom意为“其中有几个”。第4题选A，“他学习努力并被选为学生会主席”应是“从1999至2003年这个期间里”所发生的事，所以用during which time。