中考英语分类复习练习谓语语态用法详解

2014中考英语分类复习练习谓语语态用法详解本文简介：初中英语分类练习——谓语语态英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。例如：Hewroteanovel.（主语he是动作wrote的执行者，是主动语态。）Theclassroomwascleanedbyhimyesterday.（主语th

2014中考英语分类复习练习谓语语态用法详解本文内容：

初中英语分类练习

——谓语语态

英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。例如：

He

wrote

a

novel.（主语he

是动作wrote

的执行者，是主动语态。）

The

classroom

was

cleaned

by

him

yesterday.（主语the

classroom

是动作的承受者，是被动语态。）

知识点概述

一、被动语态的构成

英语动词的被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be必须与主语的人称和数量保持一致，并有时态的变化。例如：

The

man

was

fooled

by

the

two

boys.

The

book

has

been

translated

into

several

languages.

被动语态的句子结构：主语+

be

+过去分词

1、一般现在时

谓语：

例句：One

lesson

is

learned

each

week.

Foreign

languages

are

studied

everywhere

in

China.

2、一般过去时

谓语：

例句：This

hospital

was

set

up

just

two

years

ago.

3、一般将来时

谓语：

例句：This

question

will

be

answered

by

the

headmaster

tomorrow.

4、过去将来时

谓语：

例句：The

physics

teacher

said

that

two

experiments

would

be

done

the

next

week.

5、现在完成时

谓语：

例句：As

has

been

pointed

out,the

housing

problem

in

our

district

has

basically

been

solved.

6、过去完成时

谓语：had

been

+

pp.

例句：When

I

got

to

the

ticket

office,all

the

tickets

had

been

sold

out.

7、现在进行时

谓语：

例句：The

patients

in

ward

12

are

being

taken

care

of

by

Miss

Hoover.

8、过去进行时

谓语：

例句：She

said

her

house

was

being

painted.

注：及物的短语动词相当于一个及物动词，可以有被动语态，这类短语动词有：turn

on,turn

off,find

out,laugh

at,look

after,talk

about,think

of

/about

over,bring

about,(引起；导至)

put

away,make

out

(认出)，make

up

(编；补尝)，look

down

upon,pay

attention

to,face

up

to

(面对)

二、被动语态的用法

（1）动作的执行者不知道是谁或难以说明时常用被动语态。例如：

Street

lights

are

often

turned

on

at

six

in

winter.

The

new

test

book

will

be

used

next

term.

（2）当动作的承受者比起动作的执行者来说更能引起人们的关心而需要加以强调时，要用被动语态。例如：

This

kind

of

bicycle

is

not

sold

in

our

shop.

The

thief

was

caught

by

a

policeman

yesterday.

（3）含有双宾语的句子，主动句中的间接宾语或者直接宾语都可变为被动语态中的一个主语，另一个保留不变。变为主语的若是主动句中的直接宾语在变为间接宾语前则需加介词to

或for。

例如：The

pianist

gave

the

pupils

some

advice.

间接宾语

直接宾语

→The

pupils

were

given

some

advice

by

the

pianist.

→Some

advice

was

given

to

the

pupils

by

the

pianist.

(4)在主动语态句中动词make、have、let、see、watch、hear、feel等后接动词不定式作宾语补足语，动词不定式不加to。但变成被动语态时后面的不定式都须加上to。

例如：The

boss

made

them

work

ten

hours

a

day.

→They

were

made

to

work

ten

hours

a

day.

A

boy

saw

him

enter

the

house.

→He

was

seen

to

enter

the

house.

三、被动语态的时态

初中英语教材中出现了五种时态的被动语态及带有情态动词的被动语态。

（1）

一般现在时

构成：助动词be

+

动词的过去分词

例如：This

kind

of

car

is

made

in

shanghai.

English

is

spoken

in

many

countries.

(2)

一般过去时

构成：助动词was/were

+

动词的过去分词

例如：The

bridge

was

built

in

1992.

Was

this

novel

written

by

his

father?

(3)

一般将来时

构成：will/be

going

to

do

+

be

+

动词的过去分词

例如：These

books

are

going

to

be

posted

tomorrow.

The

baby

will

be

taken

good

care

of

in

the

hospital.

(4)

现在完成时

构成：助动词have/has

+

been

+

动词的过去分词

例如：Has

his

work

been

finished?

We

haven’t

been

invited

to

the

party.

(5)

现在进行时

构成：be

+

being

+

动词的过去分词

例如：A

new

bridge

is

being

built

in

my

hometown.

The

problem

is

being

discussed

by

the

students.

(6)

带有情态动词的被动语态

构成：情态动词

+

be

+

动词的过去分词

例如：Can

this

walkman

be

repaired

here?

Your

composition

must

be

handed

in

tomorrow.

二、复习时需要注意的要点

（1）由主动语态改为被动语态的步骤：

①主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语；

②主动语态句中的动词改为相应的被动语态；

③主动语态句中的主语变为被动语态句中by的宾语。

（2）主动语态句中的谓语动词带有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语时，转换方法有两种：

①把间接宾语转化为主语，保留直接宾语

②把直接宾语转化为主语，保留间接宾语。此时，一般需在间接宾语前加适当的介词。

（3）在短语see

sb.

do

sth.

中，动词see后跟不带to的不定式作宾补。改为被动语态时要加上to。用于这一结构的谓语动词一般是表示知觉的动词如see,hear等，以及使役动词make,let等。

实战演练

一、例题选讲

例1

Jack

(be)

in

hospital

now.

He

(send)

there

yesterday.

答案：

Is,was

sent

提示：

由于now表示的是现在，会想到用现在进行时，而这里的动词be表示状态，不能用进行时，句子的主语he是动作的承受者，要用被动语态。

例2

Macao

(return)

to

China

on

December

20,1999.

答案：

returned

提示：

本句有一个明确的时间状语，要用一般过去时。句意是“1999年12月20日澳门回归祖国”。return既可作及物动词，也能作不及物动词。由于本句立足于“澳门在1999年回归”，不强调“由谁归还”这一动作，所以一般用主动语态。

例3

My

bike

(move)

away

from

this

side.

I

asked

the

man

why

this

(do).

答案：

has

been

moved,had

been

done

提示：

第一句主要陈述此事与现在有关，用现在完成时，第二句从句中的动作发生在主句前，主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去完成时。这两句中的动作均有被动意义，要用被动语态。

例4

A

lot

of

water

(waste)

every

day.

It’s

a

serious

problem

答案：

is

wasted

提示：

表示每天都如此的习惯性状态，用一般现在时，水是“被浪费的”，要用被动语态。

例5

When

wet

clothes

are

hung

up

near

a

fire,steam

can

soon

be

seen

(rise)

from

them.

答案：

rising

提示：

这道题是被动语态，要求用非谓语动词作主语补足语，现在分词和动词不定式都是非谓语动词，两者都可以作宾语补足语或主语补足语，但用法不同。现在分词作补语时，表示动作正在进行。此句是表示水蒸气正在从湿衣服上升起，用现在分词表示。

例6

A

strange

man

was

seen

(enter)

the

office

ten

minutes

ago.

答案：

to

enter

提示：

这道题也是被动语态，要求用非谓语动词形式填空。用动词不定式作补语表示动作的全过程。句中的“进入”，是十分钟前看到的动作的全过程，用不定式表示。在主动句中省略“to”，在被动句中要加“to”。

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